低自我控制與環境因素對遊客違規戲水行為之影響

The Influence of Low Self-Control and Environmental Factors on Violations of Aquatic Leisure Activities

遊客違規戲水是遊憩管理上惱人的負擔，也是溺水意外的重要原因。本研究探討遊客內在的低自我控制，以及環境暗示與警告牌等二項外在環境因素對遊客違規戲水意向之影響。研究採心理學中投射法的說故事共設計6種不同情境的問卷，獲得1,218份有效問卷後，進行雙因子變異數分析與複迴歸分析。研究結果顯示，自我控制能力愈低的遊客，違規戲水意向愈高；有人違規時，其他遊客跟進違規的可能性提高；相較於無警告牌或有懲罰意涵警告牌，教育意涵警告牌能顯著降低遊客的違規戲水意向。研究建議遊憩管理單位儘速清除有人違規的情境，同時設置教育意涵警告牌，應有助於減少違規行為的發生。 Visitors' violations of aquatic leisure activities are not only a problem for recreation management, but can also cause drowning accidents. This study aimed to explore if visitors' violations of aquatic activities were influenced by low self-control, as well as two situational factors: whether people have broken the rules and the contents of warning notices. Six different experimental scenarios were designed and a two-way ANOVA and multiple regression were used to analyze the 1,218 obtained questionnaires. The results indicate that the lower the level of visitors' self-control, the higher visitors' intention of violation was. People also have a higher levels of intention to violate the rules in environments where people have already broken rules. Compared to the absence of a warning notice and/or warning notices with a sanction message, warning notices with an educational message significantly reduced violations. The research findings suggest that recreation administrators/managers should remove symbols showing violation behaviors as soon as possible. Furthermore, to eliminate violations, recreation institutions should use educational warning notices.