麻疹之感染管制

Infection Control of Measle

麻疹是具有高度傳染力的呼吸道傳染性疾病，由空氣、飛沫、或接觸呼吸道分泌物傳播。感染後會出現結膜炎、呼吸道症狀、口腔黏膜柯氏斑、及皮膚疹等典型症狀。台灣自1978年起全面施打活性減毒麻疹疫苗，但每年仍有零星個案或群聚發生，主要是發生在尚未施打疫苗、小於1歲的幼兒、以及20歲以上的年輕成人，與疫苗保護力降低及國際間旅遊境外移入有關。目前台灣疾病管制署在網路上針對不同年齡及免疫狀況的民眾欲出國旅遊時，有不同的接種疫苗建議。醫療人員如能熟悉麻疹的診斷、疫苗接種、及相關感控措施，對臨床工作及自我防護皆會有所助益。 Measles is a highly contagious airway disease. It can be transmitted by airborne, droplet, or contact mediated transmission. The early typical symptoms of measles include conjunctivitis, airway symptoms, Koplik spots, and skin rash. Universal vaccination with live attenuated measles vaccine has been conducted in Taiwan since 1978. However, there still were sporadic cases or even small-scaled clusters of measles every year in Taiwan. These patients were usually unvaccinated including, infants, or young adults aged 20-30 years. This is probably due to wane-out of vaccine protection, international traveling or immigration. Vaccination recommendation for those people of different ages and immunity who are going to travel abroad by Taiwan Center for Diseases Control is available on website currently. It would be helpful for healthcare workers on their daily practice if they are familiar with the diagnosis, vaccination recommendation, and infection control for measles.