2017年民事程序法裁判回顧

Developments in the Law in 2017: Civil Procedure Law

為提升法律解釋適用之安定性並減輕個案之論證負擔，法學研究之重要任務（之一）在於建構法釋義學之概念、體系。此項作業係以最高法院裁判之研究為其重要部分。針對民事訴訟法上「國家審判權」、「國際管轄權」、「土地管轄權」、「當事人能力」、「訴訟代理」、「裁判費」、「確認利益」、「訴之客觀合併」、「固有必要共同訴訟」、「被告之追加」、「訴訟參加」、「訴訟告知」、「第二位主張責任」、「自認」、「舉證責任」、「證據能力」、「逾時提出攻擊防禦方法之失權制裁」、「證明度」、「爭點效」及「準再審」等制度之解釋適用，最高法院於2017年作成數則值得注意之裁判、決議。其中，有延續、確認或偏離、調整最高法院向來之見解者，亦有首次表示意見者。本文乃一面加以整理、分析，一面對之進行初步檢討，以作為後續發展解釋論之基礎。 In order to generally stabilize the application of law and reduce the burden of legal argumentation in concrete cases, it is necessary to establish legal concepts and systems in sense of “legal dogmatic”. An essential part of this work are case studies, especially those on Supreme Court adjudication. Regarding the application of legal institutes under Code of Civil Procedure, such as “immunity”, “international jurisdiction”, “venue”, “capacity to be a party to court proceedings”, “representation”, “court fees”, “legitimate interest on declaration of legal relationship”, “joinder of claims”, “required joinder of parties”, “auxiliary intervention”, “notice if pending suit to third parties”, “secondary responsibility of fact assertion”, “refusal to accept submissions made late”, “burden of proof”, “permissibility of evidence”, “standard of proof”, “effect of issue preclusion” and “reopening of proceedings”, the Supreme Court has rendered in 2017 several decisions worth notice. Some of them confirm and continue the previous court ruling, while some of them deviate from former case law. There are also issues on which the Supreme Court delivers its opinion for the first time. This article aims at presenting these decisions on the one hand, and giving some preliminary thoughts on the other hand. Further researches could be conducted on this ground.