準確度與精密度

「準確度」與「精密度」，不僅是測量學之基礎觀念，更普及應用到與計量相關的多種領域。「準確度」為觀測值或估值，與真值間差異的比較，「精密度」則為觀測值相互間之關係。此一觀念似乎十分單純，但是究諸文獻，描述與理解卻有多元化之混淆。本文回顧相關重要教材與文獻，尤其是在測量學領域的，對此兩名詞之描述。並就不同理解方式，予以探討。本文目的不在於為最後之決議，但望能經由討論，逐漸消除教材與教學過程中的不一致性。本文具體建議：「當應用到一組測試或量測成果時，準確度包含偶然與系統兩部分」。 “Accuracy” and “precision” are two fundamental concepts not only for surveying, but also forall measurement related fields. “Accuracy” is a measure for how close the observations or estimatedvalues to the true value, while “precision” is the measurement of the agreement among observations.This looked simple concept has quite confusing descriptions in the literatures. In this study, thedescriptions of “accuracy” and “precision” in some frequently referenced literatures are reviewed.Different interpretations to these descriptions are also explored. The aim of this writing is not tomake a final decision to these conflicts, but to facilitate a discussion toward a unified educationalcontent. This article recommends that the term “accuracy”, when applied to a set of test ormeasurement results, involves a combination of random components and a common systematic erroror bias component.

“Accuracy” and “precision” are two fundamental concepts not only for surveying, but also forall measurement related fields. “Accuracy” is a measure for how close the observations or estimatedvalues to the true value, while “precision” is the measurement of the agreement among observations.This looked simple concept has quite confusing descriptions in the literatures. In this study, thedescriptions of “accuracy” and “precision” in some frequently referenced literatures are reviewed.Different interpretations to these descriptions are also explored. The aim of this writing is not tomake a final decision to these conflicts, but to facilitate a discussion toward a unified educationalcontent. This article recommends that the term “accuracy”, when applied to a set of test ormeasurement results, involves a combination of random components and a common systematic erroror bias component.