無人飛行載具應用於防救災圖資供應之研究－－以北二高崩塌地為例

A Study on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Applied to Disaster Prevention and Rescue：A Case of Landslide on Freeway

近年來無人飛行載具（UAV，Unmanned Aerial Vehicles）載重能力及飛行穩定性大幅提升，配合內部空間定位元件如GPS 及IMU 微型化，應用越來越廣。無人飛行載具最大的特點在於機動快速反應、可低空雲下作業，恰可彌補傳統航拍或衛星遙測受限於雲遮影響且無法快速獲取影像資料之缺點，進一步爭取緊急防救災應變的時效性。利用無人飛行載具輔助應用在災區空間資訊獲取，可快速即時了解因天然災害所造成影響，以因應災害急迫性，快速提供決策者災情判斷與分析使用。本文以北二高崩塌走山為例，應用旋翼型無人飛行載具航拍崩塌地區影像，進行快速影像後製處理之研究，產製立體模型並進行3D 空間量測與災區判釋分析，並對立體模型精度、災區3D 空間量測與展示做一探討與分析。 In recent years, the loading capability and flying stability of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)has been improved substantially. Combining with internal orientation components such as GPSand miniaturized IMU, the UAV is gradually applied in forest conservation, soil and waterpreservation, disaster survey and so on. Along with the improvement of precision of variouscomponents, the UAV has more potential in mapping than before.The main features of UAV are its fast response and ability of operation under clouds that cancompensate the problem of traditional aerial photos or satellite images affected by clouds as wellas time saving. Using UAV to assist in capturing special information in disaster areas, it is possiblefor policymakers to determine the situation of disaster real time and take action immediately. Thisarticle uses a case of landslide on freeway side as an example. A rotor-type UAV is utilized to takethe images of collapse area, then study the possibility of rapid post-processing of these images, and produce 3D model for measurement and analysis, and at the same time discuss its precisiontogether with a presentation of 3D model.

In recent years, the loading capability and flying stability of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)has been improved substantially. Combining with internal orientation components such as GPSand miniaturized IMU, the UAV is gradually applied in forest conservation, soil and waterpreservation, disaster survey and so on. Along with the improvement of precision of variouscomponents, the UAV has more potential in mapping than before.The main features of UAV are its fast response and ability of operation under clouds that cancompensate the problem of traditional aerial photos or satellite images affected by clouds as wellas time saving. Using UAV to assist in capturing special information in disaster areas, it is possiblefor policymakers to determine the situation of disaster real time and take action immediately. Thisarticle uses a case of landslide on freeway side as an example. A rotor-type UAV is utilized to takethe images of collapse area, then study the possibility of rapid post-processing of these images,and produce 3D model for measurement and analysis, and at the same time discuss its precisiontogether with a presentation of 3D model.