臺中大坑地區次生林土壤種子庫組成之研究

Soil Seed Bank Composition of Secondary Forest in Dakeng Area, Taichung

種子通常比植物成株有較強的忍耐能力，埋藏在土壤中可逃避干擾、病害或是取食；因此，土壤種子庫常在植被受到干擾、破壞後的退化生態系統更新中扮演關鍵的角色。本試驗以種子發芽法調查台中大坑地區次生林土壤中種子的組成與儲量，以此推測土壤種子庫在次生林更新與演替中扮演之角色。本研究共記錄52科123屬159種種子植物，種子庫物種數前5名依次為菊科（23種）、蕁麻科（9種）、茜草科（9種）、大戟科（8種）與禾本科（8種）。總計共萌發15, 514株種子苗，有7株種子苗未能鑑定種類，換算為單位面積種子密度約6, 550ind.／平方公尺；59.5%的種子於發芽試驗開始一個月內即萌發。種子數以臺灣山桂花最多，共有1, 665ind.；土壤種子庫之植物生長型（喬木、灌木、藤本、草本）分析顯示，不論是在種數或是種子儲量均以草本為主。種子庫物種組成有49種為馴化植物，大約占總物種數31.0%，種子儲量佔35.8%，種數與儲量在種子庫佔有相當大的比例，對大坑地區次生林演替與更新的影響需更進一步研究探討。 Seeds buried in the soil to avoid be killed by disturbance, disease and animal, etc. that tend to have stronger tolerance than the plant individual. Therefore, the soil seed banks play an important role in regeneration of disturbed vegetation, destruction and degradated ecosystem. This experiment used seedling emergence technique to survey the composition and content of soil seed bank of secondary forest in Dakeng area, Taichung. The results can estimate the role of the soil seed banks in the secondary forest regeneration and succession. In this study 52 families 123 genera 159 angiosperm species were recorded. Top 5 families of seed banks species number in proper order is Compositae (23 spp.), Urticaceae (9 spp.), Rubiaceae (9 spp.), Euphorbiaceae (9 spp.) and Gramineae (8 spp.). Totally 15, 514 individual seeds was germinated, and 7 seeds could not be identfied. The seed density was 6,550 ind./m^2 in secondary forest at Dakeng area. 59.5% of seeds were germinating within the first month of seedling emergence techniques. The species with the most amount of seed is Maesa perlaria var. formosana, about 1,665 ind. According the growth forms (tree, shrub, liana and herb), the herbanceous growth form was prior than other growth forms in species number and density of seed bank. There were 49 naturalized species (about 31.0% in total), and occupied 35.7% in seed contents. The seeds of naturalized plants occupied a large proportion in soil seed banks of secondary forest in Dakeng area. The effects of succession and regeneration to secondary forest need further research.

Seeds buried in the soil to avoid be killed by disturbance, disease and animal, etc. that tend to have stronger tolerance than the plant individual. Therefore, the soil seed banks play an important role in regeneration of disturbed vegetation, destruction and degradated ecosystem. This experiment used seedling emergence technique to survey the composition and content of soil seed bank of secondary forest in Dakeng area, Taichung. The results can estimate the role of the soil seed banks in the secondary forest regeneration and succession. In this study 52 families 123 genera 159 angiosperm species were recorded. Top 5 families of seed banks species number in proper order is Compositae (23 spp.), Urticaceae (9 spp.), Rubiaceae (9 spp.), Euphorbiaceae (9 spp.) and Gramineae (8 spp.). Totally 15, 514 individual seeds was germinated, and 7 seeds could not be identfied. The seed density was 6,550 ind./m^2 in secondary forest at Dakeng area. 59.5% of seeds were germinating within the first month of seedling emergence techniques. The species with the most amount of seed is Maesa perlaria var. formosana, about 1,665 ind. According the growth forms (tree, shrub, liana and herb), the herbanceous growth form was prior than other growth forms in species number and density of seed bank. There were 49 naturalized species (about 31.0% in total), and occupied 35.7% in seed contents. The seeds of naturalized plants occupied a large proportion in soil seed banks of secondary forest in Dakeng area. The effects of succession and regeneration to secondary forest need further research.