門扇材料與結構對木質防火門耐火性能之影響

Effect of Door Materials and Structure on Fire Resistance Performance of Wooden Fire Door

本研究係以合板及六種無機質材料為試驗材料，進行不同層數及不同配置位置層積組合，以構成防火門門扇，依中國國家標準（CNS 11227）探討門扇材料與結構對試體耐火性能之影響，並就各試體能否通過30 min 或60 min 之防火時效等級進行評估。以30 min 為加熱目標時，15種設計組合方式，合格率僅33%，而以60 min 為加熱目標時，15種設計組合方式，合格率為40%。同一加熱時間為目標時，試體耐火時間與試體厚度、心層材料種類及副層間材種類有密切關係，即試體厚度以L6~L15＞L1~L5 及D6~D15＞D1~D15，心層材料種類以陶瓷纖維棉＞玻纖軋針棉＞岩棉＞玻璃纖維棉及合板，而副層間材種類則以氧化鎂板較優，以合板較差。因試體加熱後，曝火面各層材料甚至非曝火面層者產生嚴重熱劣化，如龜裂脫落，而無法通過衝擊試驗。以比重較高之南洋櫸木為門框角材，其炭化程度約為全厚1/3~1/2，仍保有強度而可通過10 kg 耐衝擊試驗。 Laboratory-scale wooden fire door was made from plywood and six kinds of inorganic materials by using different combinations of raw material and construction process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the fire resistancy of the wooden door with various incorporation processes. The standard method of CNS 11227 depicted as 〝Method of fire resistance test for fire door of building〞was used to examine the fire resistance duration of the door during 30 and 60 minutes heating tests. One third of the 15 manufacturing processes designed to meet the 30 minutes heating grade was successful while 40 % of the other 15 designs passed the 60 minutes rating. Factors affecting the fire resistance duration were specimens thickness and kinds of core and sub-central materials. The specimens thickness were L6-L15＞L1-L5, D6-D15＞D1-D5, the kinds of core materials were ceramic fiber＞glass fiber carpet＞rock fiber＞glass fiber and plywood and the sub-central materials were magnesium oxide board＞ plywood. Most of the failure in the specimens derived from severe becoming degradation of both the exposed and un-exposed surfaces of the tested specimens. Cracking in and falling-apart from the surfaces thus failed the impact test. Only 1/3 to 1/2 of the whole thickness of the fire doors was carbonized when higher density wood species such as Batu was used as the frame corner support. The resulted specimens were able to pass the ten kilogram impact test owing to the retained strength performed by the uncabonized portion.

Laboratory-scale wooden fire door was made from plywood and six kinds of inorganic materials by using different combinations of raw material and construction process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the fire resistancy of the wooden door with various incorporation processes. The standard method of CNS 11227 depicted as 〝Method of fire resistance test for fire door of building〞was used to examine the fire resistance duration of the door during 30 and 60 minutes heating tests. One third of the 15 manufacturing processes designed to meet the 30 minutes heating grade was successful while 40 % of the other 15 designs passed the 60 minutes rating. Factors affecting the fire resistance duration were specimens thickness and kinds of core and sub-central materials. The specimens thickness were L6-L15＞L1-L5, D6-D15＞D1-D5, the kinds of core materials were ceramic fiber＞glass fiber carpet＞rock fiber＞glass fiber and plywood and the sub-central materials were magnesium oxide board＞ plywood. Most of the failure in the specimens derived from severe becoming degradation of both the exposed and un-exposed surfaces of the tested specimens. Cracking in and falling-apart from the surfaces thus failed the impact test. Only 1/3 to 1/2 of the whole thickness of the fire doors was carbonized when higher density wood species such as Batu was used as the frame corner support. The resulted specimens were able to pass the ten kilogram impact test owing to the retained strength performed by the uncabonized portion.