明中晚期江右儒學士人與淨明道的交涉──兼論《淨明忠孝全書》的影響

Confucian Literati in Jiangxi Province and Jingming Taoism during the Mid- and Late Ming

本文主要根據從士人文集上所蒐集到的資料進行兩時期的分析：一是從元及明初，這段時期的資料顯示，儒學士人常因訪遊某宮觀而結識當地道士，但對淨明道的教義了解並不多。一是看明中晚期的變化，在三教合一的風潮下，儒學士人與淨明道的交涉，以及部分士人讀《淨明忠孝全書》而接觸淨明道的情形。面對淨明道，儒學士人有的堅守儒學本位而拒斥之；有些人持兩可的態度；有的則是從儒學轉入淨明道，因此本文最後以李鼎、熊人霖與黎元寬這三個案為例，看明末士人如何游移在儒學與淨明道之間。 This paper focuses on the development of Jingming Taoism in Jiangxi province during the Yuan and Ming dynasties. During the Yuan and early Ming, local literati apparently knew little about Jingming Taoism, despite meeting with Jingming Taoists while visiting local temples. Beginning the mid-Ming, however, local literati learned of Jingming Taoism through other means, particularly when reading Jingming Zhongxiao Quanshu(《淨明忠孝 全書》). Literati exposed to these writings developed different ideas of Confucianism and Jingming Taoism during the growth of late Ming syncretism. Some held their position of Confucianism and denied other religions; some were ambivalent about both Confucianism and Jingming Taoism; and some converted into Jingming Taoism from Confucianism. The three cases of Li Ding, Xiong Zenlin and Li Yuankuan exemplify the various ways in which local literati were influenced by late Ming syncretism.

This paper focuses on the development of Jingming Taoism in Jiangxi province during the Yuan and Ming dynasties. During the Yuan and early Ming, local literati apparently knew little about Jingming Taoism, despite meeting with Jingming Taoists while visiting local temples. Beginning the mid-Ming, however, local literati learned of Jingming Taoism through other means, particularly when reading Jingming Zhongxiao Quanshu(《淨明忠孝 全書》). Literati exposed to these writings developed different ideas of Confucianism and Jingming Taoism during the growth of late Ming syncretism. Some held their position of Confucianism and denied other religions; some were ambivalent about both Confucianism and Jingming Taoism; and some converted into Jingming Taoism from Confucianism. The three cases of Li Ding, Xiong Zenlin and Li Yuankuan exemplify the various ways in which local literati were influenced by late Ming syncretism.