詩法即其兵法：明代中後期武將詩學義蘊探詮

“The Art of Poetry is Equal to the Art of War”: A Study of Military Officers’ Poetry during the Later Half of Ming Period

明代武將詩人之眾，為明代中後期文學史及文化史的特殊現象。以文學史的角度來看，武將詩開創了新的美學典律；而從文化史的面向來看，則武將詩反映出兵學與當時詩風、文風、學風跨界書寫的文化特殊性。本文首先以錢謙益、湯顯祖等人論武將詩的說法，探討武將詩「詩法即其兵法」的美學理論。接著以明代中後期著名的武將而能詩者：萬表、戚繼光、陳第，蠡探武將詩所反映的價值理念與學術思潮，進一步探討武將詩所體現之明代中後期跨界展演的文化書寫，與經學、理學、佛教各種學術思想的交融滲透，此乃文化史中不可忽略的現象。此外，武將詩與明代格調派的詩學論述之依違關係，則呈現出詩學史上的意義。由是，本文最後為武將詩作一價值再探，認為武將的詩歌世界反映了當時歷史潮流與文化風尚，不僅帶入邊塞風物、朝政得失，更重要的是其提供了一種重新觀照文學定義與疆界的嶄新角度，摸索一種嶄新理論話語的可能性。 This article focuses on the poetry of military officers in the middle and late Ming Dynasty. The poetry of military officers not only created a new canon of poetics, but also reflected the combination of the art of war, prose, and scholarship popular at the time. First, this study cites Qian Qian-yi and Tang Xian-zu’s theories that the art of poetry is equal to the art of war. Next, the article explores the case studies of military officer poets Wan Biao, Qi Ji-guang and Chen Di, and analyzes their poetry which is infused with allusions to the Confucian Classics (jing xue), Neo-Confucianism (li xue) and Buddhism. In addition, military officers’ poetry connects with the Ge-diao school, which is important in poetic history. Finally, this article re-evaluates military officers’ poetry, concluding that it embodies historical and cultural currents of its time period, while also providing new definitions of literature.

This article focuses on the poetry of military officers in the middle and late Ming Dynasty. The poetry of military officers not only created a new canon of poetics, but also reflected the combination of the art of war, prose, and scholarship popular at the time. First, this study cites Qian Qian-yi and Tang Xian-zu’s theories that the art of poetry is equal to the art of war. Next, the article explores the case studies of military officer poets Wan Biao, Qi Ji-guang and Chen Di, and analyzes their poetry which is infused with allusions to the Confucian Classics (jing xue), Neo-Confucianism (li xue) and Buddhism. In addition, military officers’ poetry connects with the Ge-diao school, which is important in poetic history. Finally, this article re-evaluates military officers’ poetry, concluding that it embodies historical and cultural currents of its time period, while also providing new definitions of literature.