關稅調降與關稅配額擴大之抵換關係：敏感性產品談判策略之涵義

The Trade-off Relationships between Tariff Reductions and Tariff Quota Expansions: Implications of Negotiation Strategies for Sensitive Products

本文旨在探討關稅調降與關稅配額擴大之間的抵換關係，並導出其在談判策略的涵義，以降低敏感性產品在面對市場開放之衝擊。在完全競爭市場及貿易小國的假設下，若為維持相同的國內價格、或產值、或生產者利潤變動，則關稅調降1%相當於關稅配額擴大（εm．t/1+t）%，表示關稅調降與關稅配額擴大的對等關係決定於進口需求彈性及關稅稅率。隱含若進口需求彈性大於1+t/t時，關稅調降1%的影響力將大於關稅配額擴大1%。在談判策略考量上，為減緩進口衝擊並符合改善市場進入的要求，對於進口需求彈性較大的產品，應避免關稅調降過大；相對的，進口需求彈性較小的產品，則應傾向於以關稅調降替代關稅配額的擴大。基於關稅調降與關稅配額擴大之間的對等關係，則可以依此為基礎，在不同的組合中加以判斷比較，若所需承諾的關稅配額擴大比例高於理論所推導的結果，則表示接受此組合將有加重進口衝擊的可能；相對的，則應選擇關稅配額擴大比例低於理論之預期，以充分運用敏感性產品的彈性策略。 This paper develops both the theoretical and empirical models to evaluate the economic impacts of alternative policy adjustment for sensitive products under a TRQ system. Such policy adjustments include tariff reduction, tariff quota expansion, and the combination of tariff reduction and tariff quota expansion. We found that the impacts on production value by adjusting these policies highly depend on the import demand elasticity as well as the tariff rate.

This paper develops both the theoretical and empirical models to evaluate the economic impacts of alternative policy adjustment for sensitive products under a TRQ system. Such policy adjustments include tariff reduction, tariff quota expansion, and the combination of tariff reduction and tariff quota expansion. We found that the impacts on production value by adjusting these policies highly depend on the import demand elasticity as well as the tariff rate.