創業熱：數位經濟時代的創業生態系統──理論回顧與未來研究建議

The Startup Fever: The Entrepreneurial Ecosystem in the Digital Economy Era-A Theoretical Review and Suggestion for Further Studies

隨著數位經濟的崛起，以及全球創業熱潮帶動下，「創業生態系統」吸引諸多學者的研究探討與對話。本文透過文獻回顧，研析此概念的緣起、發展背景、各家研究取徑的內涵，並討論與過往創業家精神、區域經濟相關理論的異同及研究缺口。本文認為，數位經濟時代下，技術革新帶動的制度變遷，以及經濟風暴造成的社會風險、不確定意識的抬頭，直接或間接促使創業活動蓬勃發展，因此，讓創業者比起過往獲得了更多在地行動者及周邊資源的支持，取得發展契機，進而帶動了該研究的興起。回顧相關學者、機構的研究成果，可初步區分為社會網絡、制度環境、定量典範三大類型，各自適配於創業生態中不同的發展階段、空間尺度與政策意涵。最後，本文作者進一步提出建議，包含引入歷史演化觀點、都市創業生態、在地集體行動，以及跨區域互動等議題面向，作為後續拓展研究的參考。 With the rise of digital economy era and the global upsurge of entrepreneurship, the research of entrepreneurial ecosystem has attracted many scholars' in research participation. By the literature review, this paper tries to disclosure the theories and practice of entrepreneurship ecosystem, the connotation of each research orientation as well as to discuss the similarities and differences with the traditional regional economic theory and the research of entrepreneurship in the past. This paper argues that vigorous development of the entrepreneurial ecosystem is driven by the technological change with the new institutions of the digital economy, and the rising awareness of economic risk and uncertainty. As a result, both directly and indirectly, entrepreneurs have more opportunities and supportive resources in comparison with the past, which in turn led to the rise of the theoretical research. By the comprehensive review of the literatures by scholars in the field, there are three major research perspectives initially divided by the author: social network, institutional environment and the quantitative model. Each of them focuses on the needs of different in the phases of entrepreneurial ecosystem development, spatial scale and the application in practice. In summary, combining with the previous viewpoints by other scholars, this paper further proposes the research gaps and the potential development issues, including that the evolutionary perspective, urban challenge, collective action, the collaboration intrans-regions which can serve as potential agenda for future researcher.

With the rise of digital economy era and the global upsurge of entrepreneurship, the research of entrepreneurial ecosystem has attracted many scholars' in research participation. By the literature review, this paper tries to disclosure the theories and practice of entrepreneurship ecosystem, the connotation of each research orientation as well as to discuss the similarities and differences with the traditional regional economic theory and the research of entrepreneurship in the past. This paper argues that vigorous development of the entrepreneurial ecosystem is driven by the technological change with the new institutions of the digital economy, and the rising awareness of economic risk and uncertainty. As a result, both directly and indirectly, entrepreneurs have more opportunities and supportive resources in comparison with the past, which in turn led to the rise of the theoretical research. By the comprehensive review of the literatures by scholars in the field, there are three major research perspectives initially divided by the author: social network, institutional environment and the quantitative model. Each of them focuses on the needs of different in the phases of entrepreneurial ecosystem development, spatial scale and the application in practice. In summary, combining with the previous viewpoints by other scholars, this paper further proposes the research gaps and the potential development issues, including that the evolutionary perspective, urban challenge, collective action, the collaboration intrans-regions which can serve as potential agenda for future researcher.