影響桃園市陂塘土地利用變遷因素之研究

Study on the Factors Affecting Changes of Land-use Ponds in Taoyuan City

人文地景是人類與環境互動下呈現於空間的型式，其分布狀況可以顯現人類於土地上的活動紀錄，土地利用的型式即為其表現的結果。台灣陂塘大多分布於桃園台地，乃是因昔日台地農業灌溉用水引水不易，因此於地表上築堤挖掘而造就的特殊地景。但隨著桃園地區都市發展重心轉移，以土地開發為主的都市擴張計畫，使得桃園陂塘屢受破壞，其土地利用亦隨之產生改變。根據相關研究，陂塘消失的因素包含水質惡化、供水來源消失及建地開發等多項結果，近年來氣候變遷與人口遷移問題亦有可能是原因之一。探討陂塘消失的原因，並找出影響的因素，將有助於環境保育與生態系統的維護，對於氣候變遷的調適亦有助益。因此本研究將從過去學者相關歷史文獻中，歸納整理陂塘的發展變遷歷程，藉由陂塘功能性和外部驅動力兩大影響因子，運用相關分析來研究影響因子與陂塘面積演變間的關聯性，並進行因子多元迴歸分析，以探討歷年影響陂塘土地利用變遷的主要驅動力，並瞭解陂塘面積減少的原因。研究成果顯示近年來陂塘持續地消減當中，變遷比例達57.20%，而影響陂塘減少的因素則包含了人口發展、建地開發與水質變化，根據本研究結果可進行陂塘土地利用變遷之發展模擬，作為因應氣候變遷下桃園市陂塘資源規劃與生態復育之參考。 The Landscape of humanities is a form of space presented by the interaction between humans and the environment, and that its distribution can show the records of human activities on land. The pattern of land use is the displayed results. Ponds in Taiwan are mostly distributed in Taoyuan plateau. The reason is that back then the water diversion for irrigation on plateau agriculture was difficult, and the special landscape was formed as a result of excavation and embankment on land surface. However, as the Taoyuan area shifts toward urban development, the urban expansion plan focusing on land development causes damage to ponds in Taoyuan, and the land use is also changing. According to research, the factors causing the disappearance of ponds include the deterioration of water quality, diminishing of water supply, building sites development and many others. Recent climate change and population migration are also potential reasons. Exploring the causes for the disappearance of ponds and finding the impacting factors can be helpful for environment preservation, ecosystem conservation and the adaptation to climate change. Therefore, this study will collate and analyze the course of development and changes of ponds from the relevant historical documents from past scholars. Based on external driving factors, this study uses correlation coefficient to analyze the correlation between the factors and the changes of ponds area. Regression and factor analysis is performed to establish an empirical model. This is to explore the main driving forces behind the changes in land use of ponds while understanding what causes reduction in pond area and the dimensions impacting each function. The research findings can simulate the development of changes in land use of ponds, used as a reference for pond resource planning and ecological restoration in Taoyuan City in response to climate change.

The Landscape of humanities is a form of space presented by the interaction between humans and the environment, and that its distribution can show the records of human activities on land. The pattern of land use is the displayed results. Ponds in Taiwan are mostly distributed in Taoyuan plateau. The reason is that back then the water diversion for irrigation on plateau agriculture was difficult, and the special landscape was formed as a result of excavation and embankment on land surface. However, as the Taoyuan area shifts toward urban development, the urban expansion plan focusing on land development causes damage to ponds in Taoyuan, and the land use is also changing. According to research, the factors causing the disappearance of ponds include the deterioration of water quality, diminishing of water supply, building sites development and many others. Recent climate change and population migration are also potential reasons. Exploring the causes for the disappearance of ponds and finding the impacting factors can be helpful for environment preservation, ecosystem conservation and the adaptation to climate change. Therefore, this study will collate and analyze the course of development and changes of ponds from the relevant historical documents from past scholars. Based on external driving factors, this study uses correlation coefficient to analyze the correlation between the factors and the changes of ponds area. Regression and factor analysis is performed to establish an empirical model. This is to explore the main driving forces behind the changes in land use of ponds while understanding what causes reduction in pond area and the dimensions impacting each function. The research findings can simulate the development of changes in land use of ponds, used as a reference for pond resource planning and ecological restoration in Taoyuan City in response to climate change.