論唐君毅對陽明學的定位──「朱陸之通郵」說的理路探析

From Zhu Xi To Lu Jiuyuan–A Study on Tang Chun-i’s Interpretation And Positioning-establishment of Wang Yangming’s Doctrine

唐君毅先生為當代新儒家的泰斗之一，他針對王陽明之學曾給出「朱陸之通郵」的學術判定。然此語詞或有歧義，故本文首先釐清其語意在表達陽明乃承繼朱子之學而來，其歸宗處雖近於象山，但又有超越象山之處。繼之，說明此評定乃立基於唐氏「即哲學史以論哲學」的研究進路而來，且可就下學而上達的立教方式與正、反兩面之工夫論型態等，初步看出陽明與朱、陸兩人互有異同。復次，細掇唐先生之論，他實從以下三點說明陽明之學乃承朱子之說轉進而至者：一、以「致知」融攝「誠意」而成「知行合一」之論；二、透過「戒懼」通貫已發未發，而統攝於「致良知」之學；三、解決心與理之問題，確立合「心、理、知」為一的「良知」說。總上所論，陽明學的特點在於將朱子學說中分別並立者，打併歸一；而唐氏的用心則在於突破程朱理學與陸王心學分立的觀點，並採取哲學研析的角度論證陽明對朱子的承繼關係。此一詮釋觀點有其獨到之處，對於研究陽明學之建立，以及朱子學之流衍發展的可能性，具有啟發性，故值得我們珍視與借鏡。 Different from current academic view on Wang Yangming’s research, instead of taking him as an successor of Lu Jiuyuan which rejects Zhu Xi’s doctrine, Tang Chun-i claims that Wang’s view is an extension of Zhu Xi’s doctrine, even though it turns out similar to Lu Jiuyuan’s doctrine. Tang’s main points are the following: First, he combines Zhu Xi’s “extension of knowledge” and “sincerity” into “unity of knowing and acting”.Second, he combines two-step efforts of “the aroused” and “the unaroused” into “attaining good conscience”.Third, he combines ” faculty of representation” (Zhijue) and ” heavenly principle”, which are character of “mind”, into the content of “good conscience” (Liangzhi). Therefore, we may say Tang’s study on Wang Yangming shows his unique method and it provides the academic circle a different view from the previous ones.

Different from current academic view on Wang Yangming’s research, instead of taking him as an successor of Lu Jiuyuan which rejects Zhu Xi’s doctrine, Tang Chun-i claims that Wang’s view is an extension of Zhu Xi’s doctrine, even though it turns out similar to Lu Jiuyuan’s doctrine. Tang’s main points are the following: First, he combines Zhu Xi’s “extension of knowledge” and “sincerity” into “unity of knowing and acting”.Second, he combines two-step efforts of “the aroused” and “the unaroused” into “attaining good conscience”.Third, he combines ” faculty of representation” (Zhijue) and ” heavenly principle”, which are character of “mind”, into the content of “good conscience” (Liangzhi). Therefore, we may say Tang’s study on Wang Yangming shows his unique method and it provides the academic circle a different view from the previous ones.