地區性道路人車衝突交通安全風險評估模式之建立

Development of a Traffic Safety Risk Assessment Model for Local Street

交通寧靜措施愈來愈普遍地使用來改善地區道路的交通環境，這些改善措施主要是依據實務經驗而來，尚缺乏理論評估方法。鑒於其中改善的目的主要在於提高地區性道路的交通安全水準，所以本研究發展一套安全評估模式，作為評估的依據與準則。本研究利用地區性道路中人車衝突的狀況，建立人車衝突風險的評估模式；在風險評估模式之中，利用人車交會的次數考量行人暴露在危險環境中的長短作為曝光量指標；利用事故發生時能量傳遞的大小考量行人在事故中的傷亡程度作為嚴重性指標；並以此推估人車衝突風險指標值，評估地區性道路的交通安全程度。經過曝光量指標與風險指標的檢核過程，證實本研究所建立的人車衝突風險指標確實能夠反映地區性道路的交通安全狀況。並且可作為地區性道路運用各種減速措施或人車分流措施時，其交通安全改善績效的評估依據。 Traffic calming has improved the poor traffic condition of local streets and become more popular than before. Since countermeasures used in traffic calming are merely planned and designed based on practical experiences, to develop a theoretical method for evaluating the performance is then necessary. In this research, the risk indexes of pedestrian-vehicle conflict with respect to traffic safety, including exposure index and severity index, are developed. The times of the pedestrians keeping away from the passing vehicles are adopted in the exposure index, and the kinetic energy of vehicle impact on the pedestrians are considered in the severity index. The risk indexes have been verified to have reflected the traffic safety condition of local streets.

Traffic calming has improved the poor traffic condition of local streets and become more popular than before. Since countermeasures used in traffic calming are merely planned and designed based on practical experiences, to develop a theoretical method for evaluating the performance is then necessary. In this research, the risk indexes of pedestrian-vehicle conflict with respect to traffic safety, including exposure index and severity index, are developed. The times of the pedestrians keeping away from the passing vehicles are adopted in the exposure index, and the kinetic energy of vehicle impact on the pedestrians are considered in the severity index. The risk indexes have been verified to have reflected the traffic safety condition of local streets.