城鄉銀髮族休閒偏好、休閒參與及休閒阻礙關係之探討──以高雄市為例

Leisure Preferences, Participations, and Constraints of Senior Citizens between Urban and Rural Areas: The Case Study of Kaohsiung City

本研究以居住於高雄市之65歲（含）以上銀髮族為研究對象，分析其休閒偏好、休閒參與及休閒阻礙的一般狀況，同時探討三者間之關係，以及不同背景屬性與城鄉差距對於休閒偏好、休閒參與、休閒阻礙的差異情形。具體步驟乃先就現有實證研究進行探討，並分別於城市（三民區、鳳山區）及鄉村（旗山區、美濃區）地區進行問卷資料收集工作，而後再透過信效度分析、敘述統計、相關分析、迴歸分析、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析等探究前述議題。分析結果顯示：（1）.城鄉銀髮族各類別休閒偏好、休閒參與之最高選項均相同，且以消遣類（看電視）與社交類（聚餐、聊天）最為喜愛，而其目前所遭遇到的休閒阻礙情形並不嚴重；（2）.休閒偏好、休閒參與兩者具顯著關聯，而若干休閒阻礙因素會對兩者產生影響；（3）.受訪者部份背景屬性對休閒偏好、休閒參與、休閒阻礙呈現差異性；（4）.城鄉銀髮族之休閒偏好、休閒參與及休閒阻礙具有顯著差異。 This study, targeting the senior citizens of Kaohsiung city as the research subjects, examines the general conditions of their leisure preferences, participations, constraints, and the mutual relationship among these three factors. Otherwise, this study also explores the differences of leisure preferences, participations, and constraints between urban and rural senior citizens. For the empirical process of investigation, this study primarily executes the questionnaire surveys within the urban (Sanmin and Fongshan districts) and rural (Cishan and Meinong districts) areas, and then uses the analysis of reliability and validity, descriptive statistics, correlated analysis, regression analysis, independent-sample t test, and one-way ANOVA to discuss the abovementioned issues. The results show that (1) the highest chosen items within each type of leisure preferences, participations, and constraints for the urban and rural senior citizens are all similar. Watching TV, dining together, and gossiping are the most preferred activities for the types of recreation and social interaction, and the leisure constraints which they deal with are not severe. (2) There are significant correlations between leisure preferences and participations, and which some factors of leisure constraints would impact them. (3) Some personal attributes of surveyed subjects have brought significant differentiations for their leisure preferences, participants, and constraints. (4) There are significant differences of leisure preferences, participations, and constraints between urban and rural citizens.

This study, targeting the senior citizens of Kaohsiung city as the research subjects, examines the general conditions of their leisure preferences, participations, constraints, and the mutual relationship among these three factors. Otherwise, this study also explores the differences of leisure preferences, participations, and constraints between urban and rural senior citizens. For the empirical process of investigation, this study primarily executes the questionnaire surveys within the urban (Sanmin and Fongshan districts) and rural (Cishan and Meinong districts) areas, and then uses the analysis of reliability and validity, descriptive statistics, correlated analysis, regression analysis, independent-sample t test, and one-way ANOVA to discuss the abovementioned issues. The results show that (1) the highest chosen items within each type of leisure preferences, participations, and constraints for the urban and rural senior citizens are all similar. Watching TV, dining together, and gossiping are the most preferred activities for the types of recreation and social interaction, and the leisure constraints which they deal with are not severe. (2) There are significant correlations between leisure preferences and participations, and which some factors of leisure constraints would impact them. (3) Some personal attributes of surveyed subjects have brought significant differentiations for their leisure preferences, participants, and constraints. (4) There are significant differences of leisure preferences, participations, and constraints between urban and rural citizens.