華語【X男】結構研究：一個類詞綴的形成

The [X man] construction in Mandarin: The development of a quasi-suffix

本文從中研院漢語平衡語料庫（中央研究院2017）和新聞知識庫（TudorTech 2017）上收集語料，觀察[X男]結構在語意和構詞上的演變及其背後的生成動機。語意韻律（semantic prosody）和負面傾向（negativity bias）等論說是本文的研究架構。研究結果指出：在語意上，[X男]從內在狀態特質、外在狀態特質的表達、一直到可以意指行動。在構詞上，其搭配語素從形容詞、名詞片語、名詞+動詞+名詞、到句子的使用所在多有，也越來越自由多樣。[X男]非線性的發展背後有其生成機制。它是社會進步的產物，媒體帶領、網路發達、全球化，再加上語言使用者求新求趣味，在認知上運用了代喻性思考，實現了經濟認知，造就了[X男]結構走向類詞綴的發展。 This paper examines [X nan] construction with data taken from Academia Sinica Balanced Corpus of Mandarin Chinese (Academia Sinica 2017) and Newspapers in Taiwan 2.0 (TudorTech 2017). Semantic prosody and negativity bias, etc. built the theoretical framework of this study. Our research questions ask: (1) How does this construction develop semantically and morphologically? And (2) What are the motivations operating behind the development of [X nan]? The findings show that, semantically, [X nan] extents from expressing inner state, outer appearance, to denote motion event. Morphologically, its collocates can cover adjective, noun phrase, noun + verb + noun, or sentences. [X nan] renders a non-linear development, just as Traugott and Trousdale (2013) proposed for constructionalization. This construction is an outcome of social progress; media, internet and globalization all participate in its development. Moreover, the language users apt to employ novel and interesting usages, apply thinking in metonymy, carry out cognitive economy which all push -nan to advance its role being a quasi-suffix.

This paper examines [X nan] construction with data taken from Academia Sinica Balanced Corpus of Mandarin Chinese (Academia Sinica 2017) and Newspapers in Taiwan 2.0 (TudorTech 2017). Semantic prosody and negativity bias, etc. built the theoretical framework of this study. Our research questions ask: (1) How does this construction develop semantically and morphologically? And (2) What are the motivations operating behind the development of [X nan]? The findings show that, semantically, [X nan] extents from expressing inner state, outer appearance, to denote motion event. Morphologically, its collocates can cover adjective, noun phrase, noun + verb + noun, or sentences. [X nan] renders a non-linear development, just as Traugott and Trousdale (2013) proposed for constructionalization. This construction is an outcome of social progress; media, internet and globalization all participate in its development. Moreover, the language users apt to employ novel and interesting usages, apply thinking in metonymy, carry out cognitive economy which all push -nan to advance its role being a quasi-suffix.