漢譯佛典語詞「信解」的語義演變

The Semantic Change of the Chinese Buddhist term“Xin-Jie”

從構詞來看，中文「信解」分別由「信」和「解」所組成，其詞義與構成元素之間似乎有某種程度的意義關連，如偏正結構的「依信生解」、「由解生信」，或並列結構的「信心與理解」。理論上，每一個詞是由種種複雜認知模式所建構，若要瞭解譯詞的語義，必須同時考量語義要素與表層結構，而一個譯詞更不只是表面所呈現的意義加總。漢譯「信解」的對等梵語為＂adhimukti＂，這個多義詞具有「傾向」、「喜好」、「確信」等等意義。那麼，中文「信解」一詞中的「解」又是從何而來？此一譯詞在佛教經典中受到中文的語義要素誘迫，使其詞義改變，遠離源頭語的意義，後期更與其他語詞相搭配，形成表述修行歷程相續遞進的集合概念「信解行證」。本文擬以漢譯語詞「信解」為研究焦點，分析中文「信解」與梵語＂adhimukti＂的對應關係，釐清其語義來源，探討語詞生成、語義延伸以及語義訊息基模的構成，進而推論「信解行證」的發展脈絡。 From the perspective of word formation, the Chinese term ＂Xin-Jie＂ is composed of ＂Xin＂ and ＂Jie＂, and its lexical meaning seems to relate with these two morphemes, such as a modifier-head construction ＂arising the understanding from confidence,＂ ＂arising the confidence from understanding, ＂ or a parallel construction＂to believe in and understand.＂ However, according to its corresponding Sanskrit word ＂ adhimukti, ＂ which is a polysemous word, this term refers to ＂propensity,＂ ＂inclination,＂ or ＂confidence.＂ In this manner, what is the morpheme ＂Jie＂ derived from? ＂Xin-Jie＂ might interact with coercion operations, then this term combines with other concepts, and further more, it represents a progressive stages of Buddhist practice, ＂Xin-Jie-Xing-Zheng.＂ The focus of this paper is on the generation, semantic extension, and semantic information schema of ＂Xin-Jie.＂ The context of ＂Xin-Jie-Xing-Zheng＂ is also demonstrated in this paper.

From the perspective of word formation, the Chinese term ＂Xin-Jie＂ is composed of ＂Xin＂ and ＂Jie＂, and its lexical meaning seems to relate with these two morphemes, such as a modifier-head construction ＂arising the understanding from confidence,＂ ＂arising the confidence from understanding, ＂ or a parallel construction＂to believe in and understand.＂ However, according to its corresponding Sanskrit word ＂ adhimukti, ＂ which is a polysemous word, this term refers to ＂propensity,＂ ＂inclination,＂ or ＂confidence.＂ In this manner, what is the morpheme ＂Jie＂ derived from? ＂Xin-Jie＂ might interact with coercion operations, then this term combines with other concepts, and further more, it represents a progressive stages of Buddhist practice, ＂Xin-Jie-Xing-Zheng.＂ The focus of this paper is on the generation, semantic extension, and semantic information schema of ＂Xin-Jie.＂ The context of ＂Xin-Jie-Xing-Zheng＂ is also demonstrated in this paper.