原位氏部落氏族動物利用之知識結構探討──以屏束五個部落為例

The Knowledge Structure on Traditional Uses of Ethnic Wildlife - A Case of Five Tribes in Pingtung County

在台灣，最常與野生動物接觸的大多屬於當地原住民部落，而原住民的傳統、習俗、禁忌等文化內涵，長期以來就是與周邊野生生物資源結合在一起。在動物方面，最重要的就是狩獵文化與其利用方式，但近年來傳統知識流失嚴重，傳統知識的保存已是刻不容緩。本研究以屏東北排灣及西魯凱族五個部落為例，透過深度訪談和參與觀察，建立當地傳統常用民族動物的知識結構，並記錄其利用的方式與文化之間的關係。本研究將其知識結構分為物種、部位、呈現內容、對象及意涵五層，結果顯示台灣野豬在五個部落的獵人文化中佔有重要角色。西魯凱族對於獵人頭飾的規範較嚴謹複雜，北排灣族則較單純。本研究以知識結構圖的方式建立民族動物利用知識，除了讓部落傳統知識的文化意涵更容易被了解，同時也將有助於傳統文化知識的保留與傳承。 The natural resource management especially for animal and plant areimportant issues in the world. In Taiwan the one who most contact with wildanimal is aboriginal. The tradition, custom and the prohibition in aboriginalculture have been highly related with natural resource for a long time.However, the culture is vanished gradually and needed all to protectimmediately. This study established a knowledge structure of ethnobiologyof North Paiwan and West Rukai tribes by interview and content analysis.The knowledge structure has five levels: species, part, content, object, andmeaning. Wild boar is important for the hunting culture of five tribes. InWest Rukai, the headwear of hunter is more rigorous and complex thanNorth Paiwan. The knowledge is expects to keep the knowledge of huntingusing an easy use and understandable tool.

The natural resource management especially for animal and plant areimportant issues in the world. In Taiwan the one who most contact with wildanimal is aboriginal. The tradition, custom and the prohibition in aboriginalculture have been highly related with natural resource for a long time.However, the culture is vanished gradually and needed all to protectimmediately. This study established a knowledge structure of ethnobiologyof North Paiwan and West Rukai tribes by interview and content analysis.The knowledge structure has five levels: species, part, content, object, andmeaning. Wild boar is important for the hunting culture of five tribes. InWest Rukai, the headwear of hunter is more rigorous and complex thanNorth Paiwan. The knowledge is expects to keep the knowledge of huntingusing an easy use and understandable tool.