進口導向：十九世紀臺灣海產的生產與消費

From Export- to Import-oriented: Production and Consumption of Marine Products in Nineteenth-century Taiwan

臺灣是一個海島，周邊漁業資源非常豐富。早在十六世紀，漢人已經追隨烏魚的腳步來到臺灣西部沿岸，甚至進而落地生根，形成最早的移墾聚落。根據中村孝志和曹永和的研究，荷蘭東印度公司統治時期，臺灣海產輸出相當頻繁，為出口大宗之一。直至清代初期，臺灣的魚翅仍是出口至江蘇、浙江的重要商品。然而，清末臺灣海產的出口已經微不足道，反而大量輸入鹽魚和各種海產品。很明顯地，儘管清代臺灣與中國大陸東南外向型經濟區形成農產品和手工製品交換的貿易分工現象，農業以出口導向為主，但漁業則是完全不同的發展軌跡。清代臺灣逐漸變成海產進口導向的地區。本文即透過各種一手史料，一方面重現清代臺灣海產進口導向的事實；另一方面，從消費、生產以及市場等需求和供給面向來解釋此現象的產生。 Taiwan is an island with rich marine resources. As early as the sixteenth century,Han Chinese had followed schools of mullet to the western coast of Taiwan; some stayed,reclaiming land and forming the earliest Chinese settlements. Research of NakamuraTakashi and Ts’ao Yung-ho indicated that under the rule of the Dutch East India Company,marine products were frequently exported and constituted one of the major exports ofTaiwan. During the early Qing era, shark fin from Taiwan remained an important exportitem to Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces. However, by late Qing, export of marineproducts from Taiwan had become insignificant; instead, large quantities of salted fishand other marine products were imported. Under Qing rule, trade between Taiwan and theeconomic zone in southeastern mainland China involved mainly Taiwan exportingagricultural products in exchange for handicrafts from across the Strait. Hence, theagricultural sector in Taiwan was export-oriented while the fishing industry shifted to beimport-oriented; revealing two distinct development trajectories. With reference toprimary historical materials, this paper reconstructed the shift in trade orientation andaccounted for such change from the perspectives of consumption and production inmarine product market of Taiwan.

Taiwan is an island with rich marine resources. As early as the sixteenth century,Han Chinese had followed schools of mullet to the western coast of Taiwan; some stayed,reclaiming land and forming the earliest Chinese settlements. Research of NakamuraTakashi and Ts’ao Yung-ho indicated that under the rule of the Dutch East India Company,marine products were frequently exported and constituted one of the major exports ofTaiwan. During the early Qing era, shark fin from Taiwan remained an important exportitem to Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces. However, by late Qing, export of marineproducts from Taiwan had become insignificant; instead, large quantities of salted fishand other marine products were imported. Under Qing rule, trade between Taiwan and theeconomic zone in southeastern mainland China involved mainly Taiwan exportingagricultural products in exchange for handicrafts from across the Strait. Hence, theagricultural sector in Taiwan was export-oriented while the fishing industry shifted to beimport-oriented; revealing two distinct development trajectories. With reference toprimary historical materials, this paper reconstructed the shift in trade orientation andaccounted for such change from the perspectives of consumption and production inmarine product market of Taiwan.