「婦女解放」還是「女權主義」？以《人民日報》看中國國家敘事中性別話語的變遷

Funvjiefang' (Women's Liberation) or 'Nvquanzhuyi' (Feminism)? Transformation of China's National Gender Discourse in People's Daily

辨析「婦女解放」與「女權主義」二詞是理解中國婦女運動的重要視角。本研究對《人民日報》1949至2014年的1628篇關於婦女解放運動的報導進行話語分析後發現，通過新聞的題材、核心人物和敘事框架等話語策略，「婦女解放」被建構為婦女運動的核心話語：它是中國共產黨領導的社會主義運動，具有反封建、反官僚資本和反帝國主義的性質；「婦女解放」中，婦女參與社會勞動被看作解放的前提，性別平等主要表現為義務平等；「婦女解放」的內涵在不同歷史時期各有側重。1980年代以來，「女權主義」話語的回歸為理解「婦女解放」提供了新的參照物。 Differentiating 'women's liberation' and 'feminism' provides a significant perspective to construe the women's movement in China. By employing discourse analysis of 1628 articles in People's Daily from 1949 to 2014, this paper presents that through certain discursive strategies Socialist Feminism is transformed into the hegemonic discourse of 'women's liberation' in China: 'women's liberation' is a socialist movement fighting against feudalism, capitalism, and imperialism under the leadership of the communist party; within the movement, gender equality is constructed mainly as obligation equality, and women have to work in the public sphere to gain their equal rights. Furthermore, women's liberation is not a stagnant discourse and has different focuses in different stages. Since the 1980s, the reappearance of 'feminism' discourse in China provides a new reference object to understand 'women's liberation'.

Differentiating 'women's liberation' and 'feminism' provides a significant perspective to construe the women's movement in China. By employing discourse analysis of 1628 articles in People's Daily from 1949 to 2014, this paper presents that through certain discursive strategies Socialist Feminism is transformed into the hegemonic discourse of 'women's liberation' in China: 'women's liberation' is a socialist movement fighting against feudalism, capitalism, and imperialism under the leadership of the communist party; within the movement, gender equality is constructed mainly as obligation equality, and women have to work in the public sphere to gain their equal rights. Furthermore, women's liberation is not a stagnant discourse and has different focuses in different stages. Since the 1980s, the reappearance of 'feminism' discourse in China provides a new reference object to understand 'women's liberation'.