運用計劃行為理論比較有無子女者之懷孕意圖──以台灣北部某區域醫院之女性護理人員為例

A comparison of pregnancy intentions between women with and without children using the Theory of Planned Behavior: a sample of female nurses from a regional hospital in northern Taiwan

目標：運用計劃行為理論之構念（行為態度、主觀規範及自覺行為控制），以台灣北部女性護理人員為例，比較分析有無子女者之懷孕意圖及相關因素。方法：針對北部某區域醫院、20-40歲、非懷孕中之女性護理人員進行網路匿名問卷調查（N=624），使用多變項羅吉斯迴歸進行分析。結果：無子女者，其對懷孕之正面、負面「行為結果評價」態度（AOR=20.43、2.35）、「主觀規範」（AOR=2.93、13.78）以及有利情境下之「自覺行為控制」（AOR=4.95），與其懷孕意圖具顯著關聯。反觀有子女者，其對懷孕之正面「行為結果評價」態度（AOR=23.87、40.50）、「主觀規範」（AOR=7.32）、有利情境（AOR=0.16、0.12）及阻礙情境（AOR=0.19）下之「自覺行為控制」，與其懷孕意圖具顯著關聯。結論：計劃行為理論之五類因素，於有無子女者，對其懷孕意圖之影響程度與方向不同。若欲提升懷孕意圖，針對無子女者，應提升其懷孕之正向態度、加強其重要他人之支持程度，並提供生育有利因素；對有子女者，則應強調懷孕生育之正面結果、加強其非長輩重要他人之支持程度，及改善阻礙因素。 Objectives: This study compared pregnancy intention and associated factors between women with and without children, using the constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB): Attitude toward the Behavior, Subjective Norm, and Perceived Behavioral Control, in a sample of female nurses. Methods: Anonymous online survey data were collected from 20–40-year-old nonpregnant nurses working in a regional hospital in northern Taiwan (N=624). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results: Among childless nurses, their attitudinal evaluations of positive and negative behavioral outcomes (AOR=20.43 and 2.35, respectively), subjective norms (AOR=2.93–13.78), and perceived behavioral control under facilitating conditions (AOR=4.95) were significantly associated with their pregnancy intention. By contrast, among nurses who were already mothers, their attitudinal evaluations of positive behavioral outcomes (AOR=23.87–40.50), subjective norms (AOR=7.32), and perceived behavioral control under facilitating (AOR=0.16–0.12) and constraining (AOR=0.19) conditions were significantly related to their pregnancy intention. Conclusions: Pregnancy intention among childless nurses and those who were already mothers was differentially associated with the five TPB-based factors, both in terms of strength and direction of effect. To increase childless nurses' pregnancy intention, efforts should be made to foster their positive attitudes toward pregnancy, increase their perceived support from significant others, and provide facilitating conditions conducive to pregnancy. By contrast, for nurses who are already mothers, such initiatives should focus on emphasizing the positive outcomes of pregnancy, enhancing their perceived support from significant peers, and reducing the constraining conditions for pregnancy.

Objectives: This study compared pregnancy intention and associated factors between women with and without children, using the constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB): Attitude toward the Behavior, Subjective Norm, and Perceived Behavioral Control, in a sample of female nurses. Methods: Anonymous online survey data were collected from 20–40-year-old nonpregnant nurses working in a regional hospital in northern Taiwan (N=624). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results: Among childless nurses, their attitudinal evaluations of positive and negative behavioral outcomes (AOR=20.43 and 2.35, respectively), subjective norms (AOR=2.93–13.78), and perceived behavioral control under facilitating conditions (AOR=4.95) were significantly associated with their pregnancy intention. By contrast, among nurses who were already mothers, their attitudinal evaluations of positive behavioral outcomes (AOR=23.87–40.50), subjective norms (AOR=7.32), and perceived behavioral control under facilitating (AOR=0.16–0.12) and constraining (AOR=0.19) conditions were significantly related to their pregnancy intention. Conclusions: Pregnancy intention among childless nurses and those who were already mothers was differentially associated with the five TPB-based factors, both in terms of strength and direction of effect. To increase childless nurses' pregnancy intention, efforts should be made to foster their positive attitudes toward pregnancy, increase their perceived support from significant others, and provide facilitating conditions conducive to pregnancy. By contrast, for nurses who are already mothers, such initiatives should focus on emphasizing the positive outcomes of pregnancy, enhancing their perceived support from significant peers, and reducing the constraining conditions for pregnancy.