綜論生物製劑免疫療法在非癌症之應用

Overview of Biologics in Non-Cancer Immunotherapy

免疫學在臨床疾病的研究讓我們更了解各種不同免疫疾病在免疫學上的致病機轉，不同的免疫細胞、細胞表面分子、和細胞激素可能在不同的免疫疾病的致病機轉上扮演重要的角色，這些細胞和蛋白質也成為治療不同免疫疾病的治療藥物之標靶，因此最近許多生物製劑藥物被發展出來針對不同的免疫標靶來做為不同免疫疾病的免疫療法。同樣地，免疫學的知識也被廣泛地應用於癌症的治療上，許多針對免疫標靶的生物製劑藥物因此被開發來治療不同的癌症。本文在此將介紹生物製劑藥物的特性，再簡單介紹一些非癌症之免疫疾病，包括自體免疫疾病、發炎性疾病和過敏性疾病，在免疫學的致病機轉上每種免疫疾病與那些免疫細胞（包括T細胞、Th17細胞和B細胞）、細胞表面分子（例如CD20和intergrin）、和細胞激素（尤其是IL-1、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-13、IL-17、IL-23和TNF-a）有相關，本文也將回顧目前有那些生的物製劑藥物被核准在臨床上用於治療各種不同的免疫疾病，每一種生物製劑藥物的免疫標靶為何，每一種生物製劑藥物有可能會更多種不同的免疫疾病，相信將來應該會有更多新的針對現有的或新的免疫標靶之生物製劑被開發來治療不同的免疫疾病。 Abstract: The advances in clinical immunology research have provided a better understanding of the immunological pathogenesis of various immune diseases. Diverse immune cell types, cellular surface molecules and cytokines have been identified to be involved in the pathogenesis of different immune diseases and therefore can serve as the targets of immunotherapy with the use of various biologics. Likewise, the link between immune evasion and cancer occurrence leads to development of biologics for cancer immunotherapy recently. In this review, some characteristics of biologics are described. The pathogenesis for each of some human non-cancer immune diseases, including autoimmune, inflammatory and allergic diseases, is briefly discussed, focusing on T cell subsets, Th17 cells, B cells, some surface molecules (such as CD20 and intergrin), and some key inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-1, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, IL-17, IL-23 and TNF-α). Several biologics have been approved to treat different immune diseases, and their mechanistic basis of therapeutic target is reviewed here. The use of biologic therapies may be rapidly expanding in the future.

Abstract: The advances in clinical immunology research have provided a better understanding of the immunological pathogenesis of various immune diseases. Diverse immune cell types, cellular surface molecules and cytokines have been identified to be involved in the pathogenesis of different immune diseases and therefore can serve as the targets of immunotherapy with the use of various biologics. Likewise, the link between immune evasion and cancer occurrence leads to development of biologics for cancer immunotherapy recently. In this review, some characteristics of biologics are described. The pathogenesis for each of some human non-cancer immune diseases, including autoimmune, inflammatory and allergic diseases, is briefly discussed, focusing on T cell subsets, Th17 cells, B cells, some surface molecules (such as CD20 and intergrin), and some key inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-1, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, IL-17, IL-23 and TNF-α). Several biologics have been approved to treat different immune diseases, and their mechanistic basis of therapeutic target is reviewed here. The use of biologic therapies may be rapidly expanding in the future.