從篇章角度分析概念多義之現象─以華語名前形容詞「老」為例

The Study of Conceptual Polysemy from Discourse Perspective: A Case Study of Chinese Attributive Adjective Lao “Old”

本研究以華語名前形容詞「老」為例，探討上下文訊息在詞彙概念多 義中扮演的角色，並採用「詞彙概念及認知模型」理論 (Evans 2006， 2007， 2009) 作為分析架構。本文主張詞彙的意義並非完全存在於詞彙本身，一 個詞彙的部分意義是建構在它與上下文中其他詞彙的互動上，此多義現象 又稱為概念多義(Evans 2015)。「詞彙概念及認知模型」理論是由詞彙表 徵和語意組合兩環結所構成。其中詞彙表徵包含兩項要素，分別是詞彙概 念和認知模型。語意組合包含兩項認知步驟，分別是詞彙概念選擇和語意 的融合。透過這理論，可以清楚地呈現如何依據語境訊息選擇合適的詞彙 概念，凸顯相關的認知模型，以及將所喚起的詞彙概念和認知模型加以融 合成符合上下文的語意。研究結果指出「老」的概念多義現象，主要是以 它的詞彙表徵為基礎，隨著所出現篇章的不同，依據上下文訊息，與所搭 配的名詞產生語意互動，進而獲得不同的語意詮釋。

In this paper， we have examined the Mandarin attributive adjective lao within the framework of Lexical Concepts and Cognitive Models (LCCM) (Evans 2006， 2007， 2009)， and have discussed how the context plays an essential role in constructing conceptual polysemy. This study suggests that the meaning of a lexical item is defined partly by its original meaning and partly by its relation with other words in the context. Such linguistic phenomenon is considered as conceptual polysemy. LCCM consists of lexical representation and semantic composition: the former contains two central constructs， namely， lexical concepts and cognitive models， while the latter includes two cognitive processes， namely， lexical concept selection and fusion. LCCM clearly illustrates how lexical concepts are selected， how cognitive models are profiled， and how the activated concepts and models are integrated to produce an appropriate interpretation from the context. The result of this paper has shown that the meaning associated with the adjective lao is protean， and its conceptual semantic interpretation is sensitive to the context in which it occurs.