女同志大學生遭受性傾向微型侵略經驗與因應之初探

A Preliminary Exploration of Lesbian College Students’ Experiences and Coping Strategies of Sexual Orientation Microaggressions

同性戀性傾向大學生的心理健康及正向自我認同發展，與校園、同儕與家庭環境的氛圍是否接 納有關。然而從實徵研究發現，同志大學生仍遭受許多關於性傾向的偏見。這些偏見不一定是顯而 易見的激烈暴力攻擊，Sue 等人(2007)提出「微型侵略」(microaggression)的概念，用來描述這些較 為隱微、不易察覺的偏見言行。過往台灣同志心理學研究對象多集中在男同志，較少聚焦於女同志 的經驗，因此本研究主旨在於探究女同志大學生所知覺到的性傾向微型侵略之經驗及其如何因應。 本研究使用質性研究方法之內容分析，對三位女同志大學生進行深度訪談。首先呈現個別故事中的 主題，再進行綜合分析。整體來說，三位女同志大學生皆曾經歷過不同主題之性傾向微型侵略事件， 主要來源為家人、親友、老師、同學及網路等。三位女同志在經歷這些性傾向微型侵略時都出現不 舒服、生氣、難過、無奈等負向感受，她們在面對性傾向微型侵略時會發展出不同的因應策略，有 比較消極的迴避，也有比較積極的溝通與反駁，亦有運用自我肯定及認知改變等自我調適策略，以 及原諒家人等。本研究結果對於女同志大學生的處境有更深入的了解，最後並提出建議，做為日後 推動多元性別與同志教育以及輔導與諮商人員在面對同志諮商時之參考。

The mental health and positive self-identification of undergraduate students with homosexual orientation are in relation with campus， peers， and family acceptance. However， from empirical studies (or media coverage)， gay and lesbian undergraduate students still face much prejudice and discrimination with regard to their sexual orientation. Some prejudice may not be blatantly violent attacks but rather subtle and unrecognizable bias， which was termed “microaggressions” by Sue et al. (2007). Retrospectively， most studies on psychology of Taiwanese homosexuals paid more attention to gay men instead of lesbian women. Accordingly， the purpose of this study was to investigate the experience and coping strategies of lesbian college students who was subjected to microaggressions. This study conducted in-depth interviews with three lesbian college students， and also adopted qualitative content analysis to analyze the data. The results showed that the participants experienced different levels of sexual orientation microaggressions from various persons， most of whom were family members， friends， teachers， peers and ones on the Internet. In face of these microaggressions， they showed many negative emotions， including being angry， uncomfortable， sad， helpless， etc. Consequently， the participants developed various coping strategies. Some were more passive， for example， to avoid or neglect， some were more positive， such as to communicate and educate others， some were of adaptation， take self-assertiveness and cognitive change for instance， and still some might use forgiveness. The study results offers a deep understanding of lesbian undergraduates and thus suggestions are made as references for promoting gender diversity and LGBT education and also for improving counselling with lesbian clients for practitioners.