台灣地區多氯戴奧辛／呋喃和擬似戴奧辛多氯聯苯之飲食攝取量調查   全文下載

Dietary Intake of PCDD/Fs and Dioxin-Like PCBs from Fresh Foods around Taiwan

本計畫之研究目的主要為建立台灣地區各類型食物中多氯戴奧辛／?喃 （PCDD/Fs）和擬似戴奧辛多氯聯苯（dl-PCBs）背景濃度值。若以每克脂質 計算多氯戴奧辛／?喃濃度，在1,029件食物樣本中，濃度最高者為鴨蛋（1.956 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat），其次是牛肉（1.263 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat）和蛋類製品（1.067 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat），而最低則為葡萄籽油（0.068 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat）。食物中擬似戴奧辛多氯聯苯濃度最高者為牛肉（0.782 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat），其次是鴨蛋（0.632 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat）和羊肉（0.506 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat），最低則為花生油（0.011 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat）。而年齡介於6至12歲的男孩和女孩終生平均日暴露劑量分別為0.70和0.62 pg WHO-TEQPCDD/Fs+dl-PCBs/kg bw/day；13至18歲男性和女性青少年分別為0.34 和0.30 pg WHO-TEQPCDD/Fs+dl-PCBs/kg bw/day；19至64歲男性和女性成人分 別為0.33和0.31 pg WHO-TEQPCDD/Fs+dl-PCBs/kg bw/day；65歲以上的男性和女性年長者分別為0.42和0.37 pg WHO-TEQPCDD/Fs+dl-PCBs/kg bw/day。依各 類食物中多氯戴奧辛／?喃／擬似戴奧辛多氯聯苯含量對人體貢獻之百分比來 看，最大貢獻來源主要為肉類、魚類和魚貝類加工製品，尤其是成人（男性：51.6%；女性：47.5%）和年長者（男性：64.8%；女性：61.8%）。在台灣空品區和肉類食品中多氯戴奧辛／?喃濃度分布上發現，竹苗地區牛肉和羊肉之多氯戴奧辛／?喃濃度最高，而基北桃地區多氯戴奧辛／?喃濃度最高則為羊肉、鴨肉和鵝肉。台灣各空品區中牛肉、羊肉和鵝肉之多氯戴奧辛／?喃和擬似戴奧辛多氯聯苯濃度分布相當一致。本研究亦發現於2004至2008年間，牛乳中戴奧辛的平均濃度隨著台灣地區戴奧辛排放總量同步下降。結論，一般而言，除了偶發性牛肉或羊肉之多氯戴奧辛／?喃污染事件外，台灣食物中多氯戴奧辛／?喃和擬似戴奧辛多氯聯苯對人體健康所產生的危害並不高，本研究亦建議畜牧區周遭環境中戴奧辛濃度應持續監視。"

This study investigated the background levels of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs) in fresh foods around Taiwan. In 1,029 foodstuffs, the highest PCDD/F level based on per gram fat was found in duck eggs (1.956 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat), followed by beef (1.263 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat), and egg products (1.067 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat), and the lowest was in grape seed oil (0.068 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat). The highest dl-PCB level was found in beef (0.782 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat), followed by duck eggs (0.632 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat), and mutton (0.506 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat), and the lowest was in peanut oil (0.011 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat). The average intake of boys and girls (> 6, ≤ 12 years old) were 0.70 and 0.62 pg WHO-TEQPCDD/Fs+dl-PCBs/kg bw/day, respectively; for adolescents (> 13, ≤ 18), 0.34 (male) and 0.30 (female) pg WHO-TEQPCDD/Fs+dl-PCBs/kg bw/day, respectively; for adults (19-64), 0.33 (male) and 0.31(female) pg WHO-TEQPCDD/Fs+dl-PCBs/kg bw/day, respectively; and for seniors (> 65), 0.42 (male) and 0.37 (female) pg WHO-TEQPCDD/Fs+dl-PCBs/kg bw/day, respectively. The greatest contribution (%) to the total daily intake came from meat fish, and fishery products, especially in adults (men: 51.6%; women: 47.5%) and seniors (men: 64.8%; women: 61.8%). In the Hsinchu-Miaoli area, PCDD/F concentrations were found the highest in beef and mutton, while in Keelung-Taipei-Taoyuan area the highest in mutton, duck, and goose. The distribution of dl-PCB concentrations in beef, mutton, and goose meat throughout Taiwan showed a similar trend with PCDD/Fs. The mean dioxin level in milk concurrently decreased with total dioxin emissions in Taiwan between 2004 and 2008. It is concluded that, generally, PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in food pose little health risk in Taiwan, except for occasionally high PCDD/F levels in beef and mutton. These data suggested that the environment near where the livestock was raised should be examined.