台灣管制藥品法制及行政管理制度之演進   全文下載

Evolution of the Legislative and Administrative System of Controlled Drugs in Taiwan

管制藥品為具成癮及濫用可能性之影響精神物質，其由早期自由貿易商品演變到成為聯合國相關毒品管制公約嚴格管制之分級物質。本文先從台灣成癮物質濫用歷史進行簡要回顧，接著扼要探討管制藥品相關法規及麻醉藥品經理處暨其改組後之管制藥品管理局的運作功能。由甲基安非他命濫用以來二十年間所累積之防制經驗，已逐步演進到目前大致符合聯合國三個毒品管制公約精神的管制藥品管理體系，以及一個完整的物質濫用監測暨防制系統。然而，由目前存在之問題及未來發展趨勢，建議：(1)管制藥品分級制度之運作宜更專業化且需強化稽核作為；(2)麻醉藥品之製造是否維持仍由國家專賣或者民營化，需以全體民眾之利益為基本考量；(3)除了加強供給面之緝毒外，一個完整之反毒政策應結合具早期偵測及監控物質濫用狀況之通報系統，主動積極並能打動、符合高危險群需求之宣導教育，以及經濟有效並符合人道的成癮者治療計畫。

Controlled drugs are psychoactive drugs with dependence (addiction) and abuse potentials. They evolved from free-trade goods to scheduled substances that are strictly regulated in the United Nations drug-related Conventions. This paper began with a brief review on the history of addictive substance abuse in Taiwan. Then the progress of controlled-drug-related law enactment and the functions of National Narcotics Bureau and its successor, National Bureau of Controlled Drugs, were succinctly depicted. The experiences of substance abuse prevention and control, which have been accumulated in the past two decades since the methamphetamine deluge, have evolved into a controlled-drug regulatory system that now conforms to the spirit of the three UN anti-drug Conventions in general and a comprehensive system for the surveillance and prevention of substance abuse. However, according to the present substance-abuse problems and future developing trend, it is advised that (1) the operation of scheduling system should be more expertized and the inspection should be further strengthened; (2) whether the narcotic manufacturing maintains the status quo as a monopoly or seeks privatization should be based on the benefit of the general public; (3) in addition to the law enforcement from the supply side, a thorough anti-drug strategy should be equipped with a monitoring and reporting system for early substance-abuse detection and surveillance, a proactive education program that touches the need of the risk groups and a cost-effective and humanistic treatment program.