台灣塑膠類食品包材衛生安全檢驗與研究回顧   全文下載

A Review on Safety Inspection and Research of Plastic Food Packaging Materials in Taiwan

塑膠類食品包材係由單體構成，且具有添加物以加強其最終產品的技術特性。由於一些未反應單體及具潛在移動性的添加物可能存在於塑膠製品中，故這些化合物可能在儲存、烹調或食用時自塑膠製品中溶出而移行至所接觸的食品中，成為污染食品的潛在來源。我國主管機關基於這些化合物自塑膠製品的溶出程度及其毒理特性，訂有殘留及溶出限量標準。本報告彙整7種常見塑膠類食品包材的管理，包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚碳酸酯及以甲醛為合成原料之塑膠等，以及歷年來針對這些製品所執行的衛生檢驗成果。自1983年至2010年總計檢驗1623件塑膠類製品，其中材質試驗及溶出試驗分別有99件及52件檢體不符合衛生標準，不合格檢體大多為與食品接觸的表面具有印刷油墨，或因製程不完全，導致其表面粗糙、龜裂的產品。此外，也進行塑膠類製品中內分泌干擾物質的研究，如鄰苯二甲酸酯、雙酚A及壬基酚。除了建立這些化合物的檢驗方法外，也探討其自相關產品的溶出情形。結果顯示，PVC製食品器具、容器及包裝中鄰苯二甲酸酯及壬基酚的溶出量值得重視，消費者應避免使用PVC製產品接觸油脂性食品。

Plastics for food packaging are polymers made from monomers and with additives to enhance the technical properties of final products. Some non-reacted monomers and potential mobile additives may be present in plastic products, and may migrate into contact with foods during storage, cooking or serving as potential sources of contamination. For the regulation of these compounds, the residual and migra-tion limits are set by the authority in Taiwan, based on their extent of migration from plastic products and their toxicological properties. This report reviewed the management for 7 kinds of common plastic food packaging materials, including polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyvinylchloride (PVC), polycarbonate and plastics with formaldehyde as raw materials for synthesis, and their sanitation inspection from 1983 to 2010. A total of 1,623 food-contact plastic samples have been inspected according to the Sanitation Standard for Food Utensils, Containers and Packages announced by the Taiwan Department of Health. Among them, 99 samples and 52 samples were not in accordance with the regulation of the material test and the migration test, respectively. These samples mostly had printing ink on the food-contact surfaces or have rough and cracking surfaces due to incomplete process of final products. In addition, endocrine disruptors in plastics, such as phthalates, bisphenol A and nonylphenol, were studied. Testing methods of those compounds have been developed, and the migration tests for the related food-contact plastic products were also conducted. The results indicated PVC-made products were worth being noticed in respect of phthalates and nonylphenol, and consumers should avoid using PVC-made products for fatty foods.