臺灣東部沿岸常見底棲魚類之重金屬含量   全文下載

Heavy Metal Concentrations in the Common Benthic Fishes Caught from the Coastal Waters of Eastern Taiwan

臺灣地區居民所消費眾多的海洋性魚類，大多捕獲自臺灣附近的沿岸水域。重金屬被認為是一種不可忽視的污染物質，為維護海洋食物消費的安全性，重金屬在生物體內的累積已在臺灣沿岸地區被關心地研究與監測，惟該地區的東部水域卻一直被忽略。本研究之目的，在於瞭解臺灣東部沿岸海洋性食物消費之安全性，以及建立該水域魚類重金屬含量基礎資料，作為未來重金屬污染監測之參考。本研究選取臺灣東部沿岸常見食用底棲魚類，以火燄式原子吸收光譜儀，分別測定其肌肉、鰓、腸與肝臟四種組織中之鋅、銅、鎘與鉛等四種重金屬濃度。結果顯示，該等底棲魚類體內重金屬之含量，以鋅為最高，銅、鎘次之，而鎘（鰓除外）為最低。不同組織間之重金屬含量，以肝臟最高，腸、鰓次之，肌肉最低。該等底棲魚類肌肉含鋅、銅、鎘與鉛之重金屬濃度範圍，分別為2.0~6.2、0.15~0.81、0.02~0.12與< 0.02~0.15 μg／g 濕重；而肝臟含量濃度範圍分別為16.9~59.1、1.4~12.4、0.11~1.16與< 0.02~1.09 μg／g 濕重。重金屬濃度在魚體組織間有明顯的種別差異，其中尖棘角魚之肌肉與凸頷松毯之肝臟重金屬含量，分別較其他魚種為高。本研究結果顯示，臺灣東部沿岸常見食用底棲魚類體內所蓄積之重金屬濃度，並無明顯偏高之現象，其測值與臺灣其他未受污染或輕度污染水域相近，且其肌肉重金屬含量遠低於世界各國所訂定的食用安全標準，因此食用臺灣東部沿岸常見底棲魚類對消費者並無重金屬食用安全之問題。

People in Taiwan consume a large amount of marine fish, most of which are captured from the costal waters around Taiwan. Heavy metals are recognized as one of the most important pollutants, and their accumulations in the organisms have been studied and monitored for the safety of seafood consumption in the coastal waters of Taiwan; however, its regulation has been overlooked in the eastern region. This study evaluates the seafood consumption safety of the coastal fisheries in eastern Taiwan and establishes a baseline reference of the heavy metal levels in the fish of this region for the future monitoring of heavy metal pollution. Zinc, copper, cadmium and lead concentrations were determined in muscles, gills, intestines and livers of twenty benthic species of the most common commercial fish caught from the coastal waters of eastern Taiwan using a flame atomic absorption spectrometer. The results showed that zinc concentrations were the highest in the tissues, followed by copper and cadmium, and lead being the lowest except in the gills. Among the tissues, liver showed the highest metal concentrations, followed by intestine and gill, and was found to be the lowest in the muscle. The concentrations of zinc, copper, cadmium and lead in muscle ranged 2.0~6.2, 0.15~0.81, 0.02~0.12 and < 0.02~0.15 µg/g wet weight, respectively. The concentrations of the four elements in liver were in the range of 16.9~59.1, 1.4~12.4, 0.11~1.16 and < 0.02~1.09 µg/g wet weight, respectively. The concentrations of the heavy metals in the tissues varied significantly among species. Spottyback searobin Pterygotrigla hemistica and soldierfish Myripristis berndti contained in general higher concentrations of the metals in muscle and liver than other species of fish, respectively. The metal concentrations of fish found in this study are similar to the metal levels of the fish caught from slightly polluted waters in other parts of Taiwan, while the metal concentrations in our fish muscle are far below the consumption safety tolerance set by most countries in the world. Therefore, no public health problem would be raised from the consumption of fish from the coastal waters of eastern Taiwan. 臺灣地區居民所消費眾多的海洋性魚類，大多捕獲自臺灣附近的沿岸水域。重金屬被認為是一種不可忽視的污染物質，為維護海洋食物消費的安全性，重金屬在生物體內的累積已在臺灣沿岸地區被關心地研究與監測，惟該地區的東部水域卻一直被忽略。本研究之目的，在於瞭解臺灣東部沿岸海洋性食物消費之安全性，以及建立該水域魚類重金屬含量基礎資料，作為未來重金屬污染監測之參考。本研究選取臺灣東部沿岸常見食用底棲魚類，以火燄式原子吸收光譜儀，分別測定其肌肉、鰓、腸與肝臟四種組織中之鋅、銅、鎘與鉛等四種重金屬濃度。結果顯示，該等底棲魚類體內重金屬之含量，以鋅為最高，銅、鎘次之，而鎘（鰓除外）為最低。不同組織間之重金屬含量，以肝臟最高，腸、鰓次之，肌肉最低。該等底棲魚類肌肉含鋅、銅、鎘與鉛之重金屬濃度範圍，分別為2.0～6.2、0.15～0.81、0.02～0.12與< 0.02～0.15 µg／g 濕重；而肝臟含量濃度範圍分別為16.9～59.1、1.4～12.4、0.11～1.16與< 0.02～1.09 µg／g 濕重。重金屬濃度在魚體組織間有明顯的種別差異，其中尖棘角魚之肌肉與凸頷松毯之肝臟重金屬含量，分別較其他魚種為高。本研究結果顯示，臺灣東部沿岸常見食用底棲魚類體內所蓄積之重金屬濃度，並無明顯偏高之現象，其測值與臺灣其他未受污染或輕度污染水域相近，且其肌肉重金屬含量遠低於世界各國所訂定的食用安全標準，因此食用臺灣東部沿岸常見底棲魚類對消費者並無重金屬食用安全之問題。