快樂丸與大麻免疫檢驗試劑的評估   全文下載

Evaluation of Immunoassays for the Determination of MDMA and Cannabinoids in Urine Samples

快樂丸（MDMA）為新興的濫用藥物，其結構與常被濫用的安非他命／甲基安非他命類似，由於目前市面上有許多偵測安非他命／甲基安非他命的免疫檢驗試制，只要選擇對MDMA具足夠交叉反應的試劑，便可用來篩檢MDMA，本文評估了七種不同的免疫檢驗試劑，分別測試其與MDA, MDMA, MBDB及MDEA的交叉反應，並用以篩檢一組146個從Pub收集的檢體，篩檢結果與GC／MS的結果比較，Syva Emit II Plus Monoclonal Amphetamine／Methamphetamine Assay的偽陰性率較高，不適合用來篩檢含MDMA的檢體。Syva Emit d.a.u. Amphetamine Class Assay，由於使用的閾值為300 ng／mL，造成偽陽性偏高的現象。其餘五種安非他命試劑皆適合用來篩檢含MDMA之尿液檢體。評估五種測試大麻代謝物的免疫檢驗試劑，篩檢陽性的檢體再以GC／MS確認，在一組74個Pub檢體中有12個陽性者（16.2%），除了DRI試劑沒有偽陰性者外，Emit、Online、AxSYM及Cedia試劑各有4，2，3及4個偽陰性的現象，由於這些檢體濃度都在閾值（15 ng／mL）附近（15～33.4 ng／mL），五種試劑都適合用來篩檢含大麻代謝物的尿液檢體。"

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is structurally related to methamphetamine (MA). There are many different commercially available immunoassay (IA) reagents for the initial screening of amphetamine and/or methamphetamine. These reagents may be employed to detect MDA/MDMA in urine samples. In order to select a suitable reagent for the initial screening of MDMA in urine samples, we evaluated 7 different amphetamine immunoassay reagents: Emit d.a.u. Monoclonal Amphetamine/Methamphetamine; Emit II Plus Monoclonal Amphetamine/Methamphetamine; Emit d.a.u. Amphetamine Class; DRI Amphetamine; AxSYM Amphetamine/Methamphetamine II; Abuscreen Online Amphetamine and Cedia Amphetamine/Ecstasy. We also determined the cross reactivity of these reagents with MDA, MDMA, MBDB, MDEA and other phenethylamines. These IA reagents were employed to screen a group of 146 urine samples collected from pub patrons. Results of the initial screening were compared with results obtained with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Five of the IA assays were acceptable for the initial screening of MDMA, except the Emit II Plus Monoclonal Amphetamine/Methamphetamine reagent and Emit d.a.u. Class Amphetamine reagent. Results obtained with Emit II reagent showed high false negatives, while results obtained with Emit d.a.u. Class reagent showed high false positives. We evaluated 5 different IA for cannabinoids. Results of the initial screening of 74 urine samples collected from pub patrons were compared with results obtained by GC/MS. There are 12 confirmed positives with GC/MS. Results obtained with DRI reagent showed no false negatives, while results obtained with Emit, Abuscreen Online, AxSYM and Cedia reagents have 4, 2, 3 and 4 false negatives, respectively. 快樂丸（MDMA）為新興的濫用藥物，其結構與常被濫用的安非他命／甲基安非他命類似，由於目前市面上有許多偵測安非他命／甲基安非他命的免疫檢驗試制，只要選擇對MDMA具足夠交叉反應的試劑，便可用來篩檢MDMA，本文評估了七種不同的免疫檢驗試劑，分別測試其與MDA, MDMA, MBDB及MDEA的交叉反應，並用以篩檢一組146個從Pub收集的檢體，篩檢結果與GC／MS的結果比較，Syva Emit II Plus Monoclonal Amphetamine／Methamphetamine Assay的偽陰性率較高，不適合用來篩檢含MDMA的檢體。Syva Emit d.a.u. Amphetamine Class Assay，由於使用的閾值為300 ng／mL，造成偽陽性偏高的現象。其餘五種安非他命試劑皆適合用來篩檢含MDMA之尿液檢體。評估五種測試大麻代謝物的免疫檢驗試劑，篩檢陽性的檢體再以GC／MS確認，在一組74個Pub檢體中有12個陽性者（16.2%），除了DRI試劑沒有偽陰性者外，Emit、Online、AxSYM及Cedia試劑各有4，2，3及4個偽陰性的現象，由於這些檢體濃度都在閾值（15 ng／mL）附近（15～33.4 ng／mL），五種試劑都適合用來篩檢含大麻代謝物的尿液檢體。