台灣農藥殘留安全性評估及管制   全文下載

Safety Evaluation and Regulatory Control of Pesticide Residues in Taiwan

農藥的使用在維護台灣農業的生產上佔相當重要的地位，農藥殘留對食物的污染及對人體健康的影響因而極受重視。農業藥物毒物試驗所負責推動各項試驗以作為農藥使用的安全評估之依據。根據農藥管理法，農藥准許在田間使用前，該農藥在使用後至作物採收時之間隔時間（最短採摘期）及該農藥在作物上之殘留容許量必需先建立。農藥殘留容許量係依據i） 農藥每日可接受攝食量ii） 台灣人民各種作物每天平均取食量及iii） 由田間農藥消退試驗所估算出來採收時作物上的農藥殘留含量等三類資料來綜合研判訂定，農藥殘留容許量必須在准許登記前建立。蔬果中農藥的殘留受到大眾相當的矚目，農業藥物毒物試驗所在台灣不同地區設立十五個農藥殘留管制工作站，並以多重農藥殘留分析法進行蔬果產品中農藥殘量分析，目前經常在蔬菜中發現的農藥殘留種類已能掌握。農民輔導計畫係依據這些分析結果設計並付諸實施。國民經由農產品之農藥攝食量的風險評估也在持續的基礎下進行，結果顯示消費大眾的農藥殘留攝食量都在安全限量之內。

Because agricultural production in Taiwan depends heavily on the use of pesticides, much attention has been focused on pesticide contamination of food and on the effects of pesticide residues on human health. The Taiwan Agricultural Chemicals and Toxic Substances Research Institute (TACTRI) conducts tests to evaluate the safe usage of pesticides in Taiwan. In accordance with the Pesticide Control Act, minimum harvest intervals and tolerance levels for pesticides used on different crop groups are established before pesticides are approved for use in the field. The “tolerance” level of pesticides for different crop groups is determined on the basis of: i) the acceptable daily intake value of the pesticide; ii) the average daily consumption of each crop group by the Taiwanese people; and iii) the level of pesticide residues on different crops, estimated from supervised trials. Tolerance levels must be established before registrations can be approved. Pesticide residues on vegetables and fruits are under heavy public scrutiny. Fifteen workstations for pesticide residue control have been set up by the TACTRI in different localities in Taiwan, and multi-residue methods are used for the analysis of these products. Pesticide residues commonly found on vegetables have now been identified. Educational programs for farmers have been devised, based on the analytical results obtained from these workstations. Risk assessments of dietary intakes of pesticides are carried out on a continuing basis. Results have shown that the dietary intake of pesticide residues by consumers is within safe limits. 農藥的使用在維護台灣農業的生產上佔相當重要的地位，農藥殘留對食物的污染及對人體健康的影響因而極受重視。農業藥物毒物試驗所負責推動各項試驗以作為農藥使用的安全評估之依據。根據農藥管理法，農藥准許在田間使用前，該農藥在使用後至作物採收時之間隔時間（最短採摘期）及該農藥在作物上之殘留容許量必需先建立。農藥殘留容許量係依據i） 農藥每日可接受攝食量ii） 台灣人民各種作物每天平均取食量及iii） 由田間農藥消退試驗所估算出來採收時作物上的農藥殘留含量等三類資料來綜合研判訂定，農藥殘留容許量必須在准許登記前建立。蔬果中農藥的殘留受到大眾相當的矚目，農業藥物毒物試驗所在台灣不同地區設立十五個農藥殘留管制工作站，並以多重農藥殘留分析法進行蔬果產品中農藥殘量分析，目前經常在蔬菜中發現的農藥殘留種類已能掌握。農民輔導計畫係依據這些分析結果設計並付諸實施。國民經由農產品之農藥攝食量的風險評估也在持續的基礎下進行，結果顯示消費大眾的農藥殘留攝食量都在安全限量之內。