蘋果汁中黴菌毒素──棒麴毒素之偵測   全文下載

Detection of Mycotoxin Patulin in Apple Juice

棒麴毒素是一種黴菌毒素，主要由Penicillium expansum 產生，特別容易污染蘋果。其致毒範圍廣大，對動物或真菌具致突變性、致畸性、產生局部腫瘤等，對人體會引起噁心、嘔吐或腸胃異常等病症。美國環境健康危害評估中心已將棒麴毒素列入引發癌症的化學物質之一。歐洲多國訂定蘋果汁中棒麴毒素之最大允許量為50 μg／L ，世界衛生組織也如是建議。本研究使用乙酸乙酯萃取棒麴毒素，再以碳酸鈉溶液萃取法淨化，最後利用C18層析管柱之逆相高效液相層析，於紫外光276 nm檢測。棒麴毒素於1 ~ 2000 μg／L 濃度範圍內之標準曲線（Y = 0.013333X + 0.014789）線性迴歸係數為0.999995 。蘋果汁添加20 、50 、100 及200 μg／L 棒麴毒素之平均回收率為93.1% ~ 96.6%，變異係數均小於3.0%，儀器偵測極限達0.05 ng ，檢體檢出限量為15 μg／L 。針對105 件市售蘋果汁及含蘋果汁之綜合果汁樣品進行檢驗，其中93 件（88.5%）未檢出棒麴毒素，另有12 件純蘋果汁（11.4%）雖有檢出，但毒素含量僅15.4 ~ 39.9 μg／L ，均少於世界衛生組織建議的50 μg／L 。

Patulin is a mycotoxin produced mainly by Penicillium expansum that commonly contaminates apples. Studies with fungi or animals have demonstrated that patulin has a broad spectrum of toxicity, including mutagenicity, teratogenicity, and carcinogenicity. In human beings, it has caused nausea, vomiting and gastrointestinal disturbance. In the United States, the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment has announced that patulin is a potential carcinogen. It is regulated for apple juice in several European countries at a maximum permitted level of 50 μg/L, as suggested by the World Health Organization. In the present study, patulin was extracted with ethyl acetate and was then cleaned up by extraction with sodium carbonate solution. Patulin was determined after reverse phase HPLC on a C18 column with UV detection at 276 nm. The linear regression coefficient of the standard curve (Y= 0.013333X + 0.014789) for patulin at concentrations ranging from 1 to 2000 μg/L was 0.999995. The recovery rates for patulin at 20, 50, 100 and 200 μg/L ranged from 93.1% to 96.6% with a coefficient of variation less than 3.0%. The instrument detection limit was 0.05 ng and quantification limit was 15 μg/L. A survey with 105 retailed pure apple juice and apple juice containing mixed juice samples showed that 93 samples (88.5%) were negative for patulin and only 12 pure apple juice samples (11.4%) contained patulin at concentrations ranging from 15.4 to 39.9 μg/L. All of the detected samples contained patulin were below the level suggested by the World Health Organization. 棒麴毒素是一種黴菌毒素，主要由Penicillium expansum 產生，特別容易污染蘋果。其致毒範圍廣大，對動物或真菌具致突變性、致畸性、產生局部腫瘤等，對人體會引起噁心、嘔吐或腸胃異常等病症。美國環境健康危害評估中心已將棒麴毒素列入引發癌症的化學物質之一。歐洲多國訂定蘋果汁中棒麴毒素之最大允許量為50 μg／L ，世界衛生組織也如是建議。本研究使用乙酸乙酯萃取棒麴毒素，再以碳酸鈉溶液萃取法淨化，最後利用C18層析管柱之逆相高效液相層析，於紫外光276 nm檢測。棒麴毒素於1～ 2000 μg／L 濃度範圍內之標準曲線（Y = 0.013333X + 0.014789）線性迴歸係數為0.999995 。蘋果汁添加20 、50 、100 及200 μg／L 棒麴毒素之平均回收率為93.1%～96.6%，變異係數均小於3.0%，儀器偵測極限達0.05 ng ，檢體檢出限量為15 μg／L 。針對105 件市售蘋果汁及含蘋果汁之綜合果汁樣品進行檢驗，其中93 件（88.5%）未檢出棒麴毒素，另有12 件純蘋果汁（11.4%）雖有檢出，但毒素含量僅15.4～39.9 μg／L ，均少於世界衛生組織建議的50 μg／L 。