魚池中有機磷農藥殘留偵測技術探討   全文下載

Technique for Detecting Organophosphate Pesticides Residues in Aquaria

養殖池疑受有機磷農藥污染時水及魚體內多種藥劑同時檢出的分析方法及對藥劑在水及魚體中分佈的了解有助於污染的偵測。本研究除進行水樣 ／ 魚體中殘留藥劑抽出方法的篩選以利養殖池中多種有機磷藥劑殘留的分析外，並探討藥劑在水及魚體中分佈的情形。比較李（1984）及Okumura & Nishikawa（1995）的水樣中藥劑抽出方法，由八種有機磷劑測試結果知後者較適用，因具各回收重覆的偏差係數（coefficient of variation）變化小及試驗流程省時之優點。在魚體殘留量分析上，篩選改進後之藥劑抽出及樣品淨化方法具使用安全溶劑並可同時檢測供試藥劑種類最多之特性，但僅適用於極性低之藥劑。以鯉魚（Cyprinus carpio）分別暴露在陶斯松40.8%EC、一品松45%EC及撲滅松50%EC三種藥劑48小時，探討藥劑在水及魚體內的分佈。試驗結果知，在有生物存在時，三種藥劑會迅速累積於魚體內，使得水中殘留量降低，在養殖池疑似有機磷農藥污染時，僅檢測水中的藥劑殘留量，會得到假象。 For detecting residue of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) in polluted aquaria, a suitable multiresidue analyses method is necessary. The fate of pesticides in pond water must be understand, as well. In this study, one major purpose was to screen suitable pre-treatment methods of water/fish sampling for multiresidue analyses of OPs in aquaria. The second purpose was to study the distribution of pesticides from water to fish. To analyze water samples, the pretreatment method of Li (1984) and Okumura & Nishikawa (1995) were compared. From the results with 8 OPs, the latter is beneficial for analyzing multiresidues of OPs in aquaria for recoveries with fewer coefficients of variation and less time cost. To analyze fish samples, a method that used a safe solvent and one that detected the pesticides mostly at same time was developed. This method is suitable for OPs that have low polarity. Cyprinus carpio was exposed to three commercial OPs, including chlorpyrifos 40.8% EC, EPN 45% EC and fenitrothion 50 % EC, to evaluate the distribution of pesticides in fish tissue from water. The pesticide was applied as a‧ single dose of their LC50-96hrs to Cyprinus carpio for 48hrs. Data of pesticides residue in fish muscle showed that these pesticides can be bioconcentrated to fish body within a short time. The necessity of analyzing residues in fish to determine if an aquarium is polluted by OPs or not is discussed in this paper."

For detecting residue of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) in polluted aquaria, a suitable multiresidue analyses method is necessary. The fate of pesticides in pond water must be understand, as well. In this study, one major purpose was to screen suitable pre-treatment methods of water/fish sampling for multiresidue analyses of OPs in aquaria. The second purpose was to study the distribution of pesticides from water to fish. To analyze water samples, the pretreatment method of Li (1984) and Okumura & Nishikawa (1995) were compared. From the results with 8 OPs, the latter is beneficial for analyzing multiresidues of OPs in aquaria for recoveries with fewer coefficients of variation and less time cost. To analyze fish samples, a method that used a safe solvent and one that detected the pesticides mostly at same time was developed. This method is suitable for OPs that have low polarity. Cyprinus carpio was exposed to three commercial OPs, including chlorpyrifos 40.8% EC, EPN 45% EC and fenitrothion 50 % EC, to evaluate the distribution of pesticides in fish tissue from water. The pesticide was applied as a• single dose of their LC50-96hrs to Cyprinus carpio for 48hrs. Data of pesticides residue in fish muscle showed that these pesticides can be bioconcentrated to fish body within a short time. The necessity of analyzing residues in fish to determine if an aquarium is polluted by OPs or not is discussed in this paper.