市售蜂王漿食品之品質調查   全文下載

Quality Survey of Commercial Royal Jelly Products

本計畫由民國八十一年七月至八十二年六月間，調查各式蜂王漿產品之營養成分及特殊成分，其中生蜂王漿之一般組成分，水分占約66%，粗蛋白含量介於11.5-14.3%之間，乙醚抽出物占3.2-4.7%，無氮抽出物約占14.5-17.9%。乾燥蜂王漿粉末之各組成分含量約為生蜂王漿含量的2.5-3倍。生蜂王漿之乙醚抽出物中主要成分為游離之脂肪，占抽出物之前80-90%，其中又以癸烯酸（10-OH-2-decenoicacid）占最多，約為68.5%。癸烯酸一般作為蜂王漿純度之指標，調查發現蜂王漿中癸烯酸之含量與採收季節無關，但近年來台產蜂王漿之癸烯酸含量有逐年下降之越勢，目前生產之含量約1.7%，遠較鄰近之泰國、中國等地所產為低。生蜂王漿含豐富之維生素B群，但不含維生素A、C、E等。生蜂王漿亦含豐富之Na、K、P、Mg、Ca、Mn、Fe、Zn等重要礦物質。生蜂王漿在乾燥加工過程中，各營養成分並不致被破壞。市售'調整蜂王漿'產品主要為軟膠、硬膠及錠片等三種型態。軟膠之基質大多以葵花油稀釋，硬膠則大多以酵母粉或乳醣稀釋。膠囊成分並未發現防腐劑之存在。檢測蜂王漿中四環素類抗生素殘留超過日本規定之檢測標準者占約l3.3%，其中以OTC及CTC最為普遍。

The objective of this study was to analyze the nutritional composition in royal jellies of different brands. The sampling period was from July, 1992 to June, 1993. The proximate analysis showed that of the nutrients in raw royal jelly, moisture was about 66%, crude protein was between 11.5% to 14.3%, ether extract was 3.2% to 4.7%, and nitrogen-free extract was about 14. 5% to 17.9%. Each nutrient content was about two to three times higher in freeze-dried royal jelly than that in raw royal jelly. Eighty to ninety percent of ether extract from raw royal jelly was free fatty acid, and about 68.5% of that free fatty acid was 10-OH-2-decenoic acid. 10-OH-2-decenoic acid content is generally considered as the purity index of the royal jelly. Results from this study showed no correlation between the 10-OH-2-decenoic acid content and the production seasons of royal jellies. The 10-OH-2-decenoic acid content in royal jellies produced in Taiwan has been declining in recent years to a level of about 1. 7 percent, which is lower than that in royal jellies produced in Thailand or Mainland China. Vitamin analysis revealed that raw royal jellies were rich in vitamin B complex, but they did not have any vitamin A, C, and E. Raw royal jellies also contained abundant vital minerals such as Na, K, P, Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, and Zn. This study also found that the nutrients in raw royal jellies were not destroyed in the dehydrating process. Formulated royal jellies are available from the market mostly in three kinds of package : soft capsules, hard capsules and tablets. Most of the carriers for soft capsules were diluted with sunflower oil, while yeast or lactose was used for hard capsules. There was no antiseptic found in capsulated products. About 13.3 percent of the samples were detected to have tetracycline derivatives residues, mostly OTC and CTC, exceeding the Japanese examination standard for royal jellies.