常用工作場所煙毒尿液篩檢之免疫學方法－－原理、交叉反應及干擾   全文下載

Common Commercial Immunoassay for Workplace Drug Urinalysis－Principle, Cross-Reactivity and Interference

本文係探討常用市售放射免疫學方法、酵素免疫學方法、螢光偏極化免疫學方法及'粒子'免疫學方法之基本原理，此外，亦比較廠商及其他實驗室所報導之交叉反應，資料顯示，常用工作場所煙毒尿液篩檢用採用免疫學方法之特異性通常均較僅於臨床使用者高，而且，新近上市免疫學套組之特異性亦較早上市者高。最後，摻加物，如鹽、清潔劑等，對各種免疫學方法之干擾亦一併探討，惟因尚未進行更廣泛性及系統之研究，因此摻加物對於各種免疫學方法之影響及其優劣實難妄下斷語，但尿液中大麻代謝物最容易受摻加物干擾是可以肯定的。

The underlying principles of the commonly used radioimmunoassay, enzyme immunoassay, fluorescence polarization immunoassay, and 'particle' immunoassay are outlined. Cross-reacting characteristics of these immunoassays as reported by the manufacturers and independent laboratories are tabulated. These information show that commercial immunoassay kits for drug categories that are included in workplace drug urinalysis programs are generally more specific than those kits that are for clinical uses only. Furthermore, recently manufactured immunoassay kits targeted for use in workplace drug urinalysis programs are more specific than those manufactured earlier. Reported effects of adulterants, such as salt, cleaning agents. etc., on commonly used immunoassays are summarized. Without more comprehensive and systematic studies, it is difficult to make general statements concerning the superiority of one methodology over the others. It is clear, however, that cannabinoid assays are most susceptible to the influence of adulterants.