霍布斯的政治理論可以運用在國際關係規範理論嗎？為一種「修正主義式」的途徑辯護

Can Hobbes's Political Theory Be Applied to Normative International Theory? In Defense of a “Revisionist” Approach

根據國際關係現實主義的傳統詮釋，一般認為國際關係是處在霍布斯所謂的自然狀態中；而根據霍布斯，此一狀態又是戰爭狀態，因此正義或道德規範不適用於國際政治。然而，在政治思想界近年來已經有一些「修正主義式」的詮釋認為，霍布斯的理論其實蘊含不少規範思想，特別是他關於自然法的探討與說明。這種替代的詮釋雖然在政治思想界已經廣為人知，在國際關係學界則還未受到足夠的重視。本文的目的是要藉助國際關係學的理論來為這種替代的新詮釋辯護，以使霍布斯的政治理論可以成為思考國際規範問題的一種理論資源。

According to the realist orthodoxy, international relations are situated in the Hobbesian state of nature, which according to Hobbes is a state of war, and is thus devoid of justice or morality. In recent years, however, there has emerged among political theorists a new trend of revisionist interpretations which contend that Hobbes's political thought, if explored more thoroughly, is loaded with morality, especially in his exposition of the law of nature, and thus Hobbes's law of nature could be deemed a foundation of morality. This alternative interpretation is already well known in the study of political thought, but it is still not well accepted by the mainstream in the study of international relations (IR). The purpose of this paper is to defend this approach by drawing on theories in IR, so that it can become a resource for the theorizing of normative theory in IR.