海事國際公約無過失責任制度之研究

基於促進航海安全及防止海洋污染之規範目的，由聯合國國際海事組織（International Maritime Organization，簡稱 IMO）所制訂之海事責任國際公約，採取無過失責任之立法模式，作為船舶所有人或旅客運送人對於特定海事責任之歸責原則者，業已歷經40餘年的實踐發展，足以可見無過失責任制度係為海事國際法發展之重要議題。各國於其海商法制定之上，除參酌本國之經貿背景外，莫不以海事國際公約為立法之參考依據，進行內國法化，藉此與國際接軌。本文即以船舶所有人及旅客運送人海事責任之歸責原則討論為始，繼而探究IMO海事責任國際公約下無過失責任之規範內容，以釐清其理論基礎與法制架構，並探討海事公約在我國法體系之地位，藉以檢討我國現行制度，文末並試擬修正條文，期得以供未來我國修法之參酌，促成我國海事責任法制之完整建構。

To improve the safety and security of international shipping and to prevent pollution from ships, the adoption by International Maritime Organization (IMO) of maritime conventions which impose strict liability on shipowner and passenger carrier of the ship for maritime civil liabilities. The rule of strict liability has become an important issue in the development of international law on maritime liability. It is common for a country to apply maritime conventions by incorporating into its domestic maritime law in order to create connection with global community. From this standpoint, this article examines the rule of strict liability on shipowner and passenger carrier and then illustrates the relevant legal theories and practices under the IMO maritime liability conventions, which presents legal effect on our domestic law. Eventually, this article criticizes the problems deriving from current maritime statutes in Taiwan and makes proposal to the authorities for the legal system reform for future reference.