巴西聖保羅臺灣客家社團的發展及其組織運作－－兼論客家文化的差異

The development of Taiwan Hakka organizations and promotion of Hakka culture in San Paulo, Brazil

本文主要探究臺灣客家人移民至巴西聖保羅，從1971年參加籌組巴西客屬崇正總會及1999年籌建巴西客家活動中心的過程。巴西客屬崇正總會主要功能為客家文化活動的規劃及辦理，以凝聚客家鄉親情感及客家認同為主，而巴西客家活動中心作為巴西客家人的「家」，為客家社群聚集的空間，也為客家文化活動展現的場域。此外，深究巴西客家活動中心的籌建及運作，有別於客家會館，卻又近似於客家嘗會系統運作的模式，值得繼續觀察和討論。

This paper explores the process of Taiwanese Hakka immigrants in Brazil. It starts from 1971, when they participated in the formation of the Hakka Chung Tsan Cultural Association, to 1999, the year Hakka Social Center was planned to be organized by local Hakka people. The Hakka Chung Tsan Cultural Association existed for century and traditionally became the main supporting force for Hakka cultural activities. It helped to reinforce Hakka identity with link of hometown affection. The rise of Hakka Social Center in 1999 marked distinctive differences from previous Hakka organizations. It created social space as a “home” to serve for Hakka newcomers, while its physical space (the building) fit for various Hakka cultural activities. Moreover, Hakka Social Center functioned similar to Hakka Cháng huì system, an operational mode prevailing in Taiwan’s Hakka communities. In this light, the investigation of the Hakka organizational transformation in Brazil reveals how Taiwanese Hakka immigrants adapted themselves locally and created their own identity.