差異的召喚：從語言地景的棲地隱喻談台北市都市空間的日常觀看

Different Callings: The Habitat Metaphor, Linguistic Landscape and Daily Seeing in Taipei Urban Space

「語言地景」研究晚近發跡於語言學、文化地理學與人類學者的投入，然而國內卻少有關注此領域者。過去文獻多視語言地景為一種都市政治經濟結構下的再現文本，卻少有討論「地景」一詞為何在此重要。本文透過語言生態學的取徑，藉由地景生態學中的基礎概念以及海德格的語言哲學，不同於以往將語言比喻為「有機體」，而是將語言喻為「存有之棲地」，由此指出台北市都會語言地景對於特定群體會產生在地景意義上的「棲地破碎化」，使得同樣的都市空間，卻因為不同的觀看主體而有差異甚大的召喚，致使都市空間產生階級化的可能。透過台北市的例子，本文使用不同以往的語言地景解讀方式，分析語言地景如何在「地景」的意義上發揮其物質性，影響都市空間中的使用者，讓都市街道隨著城市發展想像光譜的進程而產生階級化、甚至空間排除。

“Linguistic Landscape (LL)” studies have risen in linguistics, culture geography, and anthropology in recent years; however, there are few scholars concerned about this field in Taiwan. Past literature mostly see LL as a representation of the politic and economic structure of a city, but little discuss why the concept “landscape” is important in LL. This article takes a linguistic ecology approach, and is based on landscape ecology as well as Heidegger’s philosophy of language. Different from the “organism metaphor”, this article regards language as “the habitat of existence”, and aims to point out that LL in Taipei makes the same urban space gives different callings to different daily seeing subjects because of the “habitat fragmentation” for certain group in the landscape meaning, which might get the urban space into stratification. Through the example of Taipei, this article offers a new way thinking about LL, and admits that how LL’s materiality effects and affects the walkers in the urban space based on “landscape”. LL makes the urban street stratified, and even have spatial exclusion, with the progress on the “spectra of the imagination of urban development”.