現象學地理學視角下的環境識覺研究－－以燕巢泥岩區為例

The Research of Environmental Perception from the Perspective of the Phenomenological Geography —A Case Study in the Mudstone of Yanchao Township

現象學地理學方法的應用，在台灣環境識覺的相關研究中尚不普及，甚至仍有許多待討論的空間。本文擬以一個燕巢農民對泥岩區環境識覺的具體示例，提出在現象學地理學視角下的理論及方法的應用。從環境識覺的思想脈絡考察可知，識覺的形成是一種整體生活境遇的結果呈現，因此，識覺研究不能脫離主體性的問題。本文藉助胡塞爾現象學的還原思考，以其在意識、意向性及生活世界的本質分析和研究，釐清其在環境識覺研究的可行性。具體操作方法則以海德格存在主義之詮釋現象學及葛達瑪的詮釋學主張，用人和語言之間的探問關係作為理解識覺的媒介。在資料收集分析方面，遵循Giorgi指出的五個明確步驟，並採用李維倫在本土心理學研究中所發展出來的交談分析法，進行語言文本的詳細分析。研究結果顯示，透過現象學地理學方法所操作的環境識覺研究，相對於量化研究的主流模式，將更能貼近人的主體性事實與意義，並可保留當事人的視角來理解生活世界。換言之，現象學地理學超越之處是將人的感覺結構與環境合而為一，而非主客二元對立。透過研究者與受訪者互為主體的交談詮釋過程，終將體現出一個受訪者「在世存有」、「自然而然」的環境識覺。

The approach of phenomenological geography to the study of environmental perception has not gained much attention in Taiwan and remained much to be discussed. This study presents an example of a peasant’s environmental perception of Yanchao mudstone area by the method of the phenomenological geography. Many studies have shown that environmental perception is formed by the overall living conditions and cannot be separated from the subjectivity. Base on Husserl’s phenomenological reductive thinking and his performance in consciousness, intentionality, and life world, this paper attempts to clarify the feasibility of phenomenological approach in environmental perception. Specific manipulation is enlightened by the Heidegger’s hermeneutical phenomenology of existentialism for inquiring relationship between people and language, as well as by Gadamer’s hermeneutics of interpreting perception through language. As for the procedures of data collection and analysis, this study follows five specific steps proposed by Giorgi; the detailed analysis of language text relies on the conversation analysis developed by Wei-Lun Lee in his study of native psychology. The results show that the study of environmental perception by phenomenological approach, as opposed to the mainstream of quantitative approach, will close to human subjectivity and meaning, and retain the perspective of the parties to understanding of the living world. In other words, the advantage of phenomenological geography is to merge people's sense of structure and environment into one, rather than to separate the subjectivity from the objectivity. The respondents will eventually reflect a “being-in-the-world” and “natural” environmental perception through the intersubjective interpretation of conversational processes between researcher and respondents.