自阿根廷回流之臺裔年輕移民的適應歷程研究

The Adaptation of Young Return Migrants from Argentina in Taiwanese Society

阿根廷為臺灣移民的主要海外居留國家之一，移民前往阿根廷約有30年的歷史，總移居人數排行第六，但近年來移民出現回流的趨勢。由於缺乏完整的官方統計資料，本研究採用多元方法（mixed methods），除了參考相關次級資料外，以來自阿根廷、於1980年後自臺灣移出的1.5代移民為研究族群，在臺灣各地進行深度訪談並參與觀察，藉由質性研究方法來了解他們遷移的經驗。研究議題包含移出及回流原因，回流後的適應歷程，以及未來的再遷移計畫，以描繪出其整體遷移的輪廓。研究結果顯示，1.5代移民普遍未參與當年移出的決策過程，而是被動隨父母遷移，於成年之後，為了家人團聚、就業、學業、婚姻……等因素，而決定回流臺灣。即使生於臺灣，在臺灣有過數年的生活經驗，回流者仍需經歷一段重新適應的時期，此適應期的長短則與個人的年齡、個性、語言能力及過往經歷有關。受訪者19人當中超過一半認為自己會永遠留在臺灣，另外一半則認為自己將來會離開臺灣或不確定未來的動向。

Migratory movement has changed both in terms of scale and patterns in the age of globalization. With the improvement of transportation technology, migration is no longer unidirectional and an up-rooted process. Instead, migrants opt to continue the ties between home and host countries, experiencing identity and adaptation challenges and issues in both areas. The number of Taiwanese migrants has been on the rise since 1980s, and Argentina ranks as the sixth most popular country of immigration. However, there has been a trend for young migrants to return to Taiwan recently. Due to a lack of data on returnees, this research employed mixed methods, focusing on 1.5 generational returnees since 1980, who had immigrated with their parents at a young age to Argentina. The researchers carried out 19 interviews with semi-structured questionnaires in Taiwan from September, 2008 to February, 2010. The main research questions included factors affecting migratory decisions, the adaptation process after returning, and their future plans. Our preliminary findings reveal that the unstable political condition has been one of the main reasons for their parents leaving. Many returnees had actually lived in another country other than Taiwan and Argentina. Marriage, finding better jobs and heeding parent’s wishes have been the main reasons for them returning to Taiwan. Although these migrants were born and had lived in Taiwan before, they still encountered reverse culture shocks after returning. Age, personality, language ability, and previous living experiences have been main factors in their adaptation process. Many interviewees think they will permanently stay in Taiwan while keeping in touch with friends in Argentina and maintaining an Argentinean lifestyle, although some are undecided about where to live in the future. Their migratory experiences and patterns as portrayed in this research would contribute to a new paradigm of return migration.