財神寶卷中的民間故事研究

An analysis of the folk story in the CaiShenBaoJuan, a catalogue of stories about the Chinese god of prosperity

《史記．貨殖列傳》：「天下熙熙，皆為利來；天下攘攘，皆為利往。」求財得利自古是人心所向，但財神信仰的流傳與研究成果相對於其他民間信仰，如觀音、關公等來說是起步較晚且成果較少。財神信仰呈現多元發展的樣貌，寶卷作為宣傳民間宗教的文學作品，自然有多部以財神本生故事為主的寶卷。依《中國寶卷總目》與其他相關文獻互佐，目前所見關於財神的寶卷約有五十部，《中國寶卷總目》：「《財神寶卷》又名《路頭寶卷》，本卷的各種版本有的文字差別較大」，分別為《五路財神寶卷》、《五路寶卷》、《五路天神寶卷》、《五路財神寶卷》等。另與財神相關的寶卷尚有《財神感應卷》、《財源寶卷》、《家堂財神寶卷》、《美玉寶卷》等。現今流傳的多部《財神寶卷》，其演述卷中財神由來的故事內容大致可分為兩類，一為民間故事改編、二為神魔小說雜揉而成，前者如河陽地區的《美玉寶卷》演述陶美玉婚配乞丐後致富的故事，本論文擬由民間故事的角度切入，探討民間故事在財神寶卷中的作用及民間故事對財神信仰的影響。

People of all ages are always in search of money or shortcuts to fame and fortune. However, the belief of God of Wealth among Chinese had not only started later compared to the other Chinese believes, it has also attracted less attention from the researchers. As a promotional literature of folk religion, Bao Juan contained some of the stories of the God of Wealth. According to the Zhong Guo Bao Juan Zong Mu(General Catalog of Bao Juan) and some other relevant materials, there were approximately twenty books about the God of Wealth, while differences can be found from version to version. The story of God of Wealth can be broadly divided into two categories. One of them was based on the folk stories whereas the other one was a combination from novels about Immortals and Ghosts. For example, in the Mei Yu Bao Juanfrom HeYang area, it was a story about how Tao Mei -Yu became wealthy after married to a beggar. In comparison, Cai Shen Bao Juan from JinJiang area described the enlightenment of Zhao Gong Ming into God. Nonetheless, both of the stories have obviously embraced the plot from the Feng Shen Yan Yi (Investiture of the Gods). The story development of Bao juan is known to be deeply affected by the Vernacular Novel and the traditional Chinese novels. Therefore, analysis was initiated from the perspective of folk story to further understand its influence in CaiShenBaoJuan, as well as the belief of God of Wealth.