論《丁莊夢》及《白雪烏鴉》中的貧病書寫

Illness and Bottom Layer–Discuss Poverty and Illness from “Dream of Ding Village” and “Snow and Raven”

閻連科以《丁莊夢》敘述河南省人民賣血而導致愛滋村的故事，遲子建根據晚清末年的史實創作《白雪烏鴉》一書，刻畫東北哈爾濱爆發的鼠疫。這兩部作品，施力點著重在大陸底層，透過傳染病的發生，突顯與強化貧窮人民、鄉土社會與外在世界的疏離。貧窮與疾病是否是上天對於道德淪喪者的正義審判？貧病者是否因為自身的弱勢，而成為被隔離被孤立的底層？閻連科與遲子建融入個體的生命歷程，透過故鄉經驗的貧病書寫，表述貧病者的失語空間。本文從「被隔離的世界」、「身體與鄉土」、「貧窮、疾病與城鄉關係」等觀點分析，藉由疾病與貧窮的討論，擴大在國家強權機器之下弱勢與異議的喧嘩。

The novel ''Dream of Ding Village'' by Yan Lianke, is a story based on the blood sales by village people that resulted in an AIDS village in Henan province. The historical creation of “Snow and Raven” by Chi Zijian, is a story based on the plague happened in the northeast Harbin City in late Qing Dynasty. These two art works focus on mainland China’s bottom layer people and highlight the alienation between bottom layer people, rural community and the outside world, through the occurrence of infectious diseases. The metaphor pedigree of poverty and illness was guided by the authoritative society to - poverty and illness are the behavioral result of inadequate personal self-discipline, and they are the justice judgment for moral turpitude. The poverty and illness have become the isolated and quarantined bottom layer in terms of social value. In adapting to the individual’s life experience, Yan Lianke and Chi Zijian have stated this aphasia space through the expression of home town’s poverty and illness. With the discussion of illness and bottom layer, this article carries out viewpoint analysis such as ''the isolated world'', ''metaphor of poverty and disease'', and ''body, rural area and modernity'', and extends the clamor between vulnerable group and the opposition.