元涂溍生《周易經疑》擬題之部析探

Partial Analysis on the Problem of Tu Chin Sen’s “Tsou I Jin Yi” in Yuan Dynasty

元代經學科舉考題有「經義」及「經疑」兩種類型的分別，而至正復科後規定《五經》部分亦可以「經疑」方式出題，使得科舉考題顯得較為活潑化。而當時坊間亦出現許多專為科舉設計的參考書，不過歷來研究者咸以這類科舉文獻學術價值不高，多未予重視。而此文則擇定涂溍生《周易經疑》為研究材料，先從當時科舉程式分析，指出《周易經疑》乃為適應「經疑」題型所撰作之參考文獻。擬題部分除可呈現出涂溍生個人的《易》學思想外，亦可反映出當代《易》類科舉出題的趨勢。故此文從《周易經疑》之擬題著手分析，探討涂溍生《易》學的問題意識，並由此呈現元代《易》學科舉考試可能出題的傾向。而透過文本分析，此文歸納《周易經疑》出題趨勢有五大類，範圍包含對經傳文本的用語比較，對疑義文字的解釋，對程朱的尊主以及調和折衷，著重在義理思想的闡述以及能夠注意到《易》學相關議題的探討。由此可見這類以「經疑」為主的題目，較原本只舉經文測考的「經義」題型更加活潑，對《易》學的發展可說是有正面的助益。

There are two question categories in the imperial examination in Yuan Dynasty, which are “Jin I” and “Jin Yi”. Later it was defined that the questions of Five Classics could also be created according to “Jin Yi” and thus made the questions more vigorous.At the time, there were many reference books published on the market targeting for the examination, but since researchers all think they are of low value therefore placed no importance on them.This paper chose Tu Chin Sen’s “Tsou I Jin Yi” as the research material started from the analysis of imperial examination method at the time and pointed out that “Tsou I Jin Yi” is a reference literature written for adapting the question category of “Jin Yi”. Therefore not only the question portion could express Tu Chin Sen’s personal thought but also reflected the trend of creating question for examination at the time.Hence this paper began with the analysis on the questions of “Tsou I Jin Yi” to explore the question concept of Tu Chin Sen’s study of “The Book of Change” and thus showed the question creation tendency in the imperial examination in Yuan Dynasty. Through the textual analysis, this paper summarized five categories of question creation tendency in “Tsou I Jin Yi”, including comparing the word usage of text and content, requesting explanation for ambiguous text, appraising Tseng Yi and Chu ci highly while claiming for integrating the academic perspectives of them both, emphasizing the elaboration of argumentation concept and being able to notice the issues relative to “The Book of Change”. Thus it can be seen that the questions based on “Jin Yi” are more extensive than “Jin I” which has positive benefit on the development of studying “The Book of Change”.