孫奇逢的讀經觀

Sun Qi-Feng’s Viewpoints on Reading Scriptures

孫奇逢，萬曆舉人，晚年居河南輝縣夏峰，故學者稱夏峰先生。自明及清，前後十一徵而不赴，以布衣講學著述終身，裁成甚眾。他是清初三大儒之一，道光八年配享孔廟。本文主要採取文本分析法，輔以歷史考察法，旨在梳理其讀經經驗，掘發其讀經觀點。孫奇逢自少至老，隨時隨地誦讀經書，並將深造之自得，筆諸文墨而成《讀易大旨》、《四書近指》、《書經近指》等書。其讀經觀頗有殊采，首先，他以「深淳渾灝」、「學術醇正」、「近裏著己」等作為選擇經書的標準，認為六經（五經）、四書、宋四子書，以及陽明《傳習錄》等都是優質的經書，應優先讀。至於如何讀經，他強調三項原則：一是「讀有字書，要識無字理」，不要被經書上的字句所障；二是「需於自己身上體貼」，即要將經書上的道理「躬行」於日用飲食間；三是「深造」以「自得」，潛心優游其間，勿畏難而停留於襲取、模擬。這些讀經理念，洋溢著智慧光芒，值得借鏡。

Sun Qi-Feng was a first-degree scholar having passed the imperial examination during the Wanli Period. At the latter part of his life, he lived in Xiafeng, Hui County, Henan Province. Therefore, he was called by scholars Mr. Xiafeng. Ever since Ming and Qing Dynasties, he had been successively recruited to be an imperial officer for eleven times, but he never went to report his duty, but only spending the rest of his life by acting as a common person, giving lectures to students and writing books, with a lot of intellectuals being cultivated by him. He was one of the three great Confucians in early Qing Dynasty. In the 8th year of the Daoguang Period, he died and was worshiped in Confucius Temple. The paper mainly adopts textual analysis, together with historical investigation analysis, with the objective to clarify his experience of reading scriptures and discover his viewpoints on reading scriptures. All through his life from being young to old, Sun Qi-Feng read books aloud anytime, anywhere. What he studied and discovered from scriptures were written in books, including Major Ideas from Reading of Yi Jing, New Meanings of Four Books, and New Meanings of Book Scriptures. His viewpoints on reading scriptures were quite special and original. First of all, he took “profound and broad views,” “academic purity” and “to-the-point contents” as the standards during selection of scriptures. He thought that Six Scriptures (Five Scriptures), Four Books, Song Si Zi Book and Wang Yang-Ming’s Records of Teaching and Practicing were excellent books of scriptures that should be read first. As to how to read scriptures, he emphasized three main principles: The first principle was to “read books with words, and know the reason that cannot be written in words,” but not to be obstructed by the words on the books of scriptures. The second principle was to “follow the scriptures yourself,” meaning that you have to “practice” the reasons in the books of scriptures in your personal acts, including during our daily eating and drinking time. The third principle is to “go deep in the scriptures” to get “personal contentment.” Let yourself travel in it with your heart, and don’t be afraid of difficulties and stay in stealing and simulation. These ideas of reading scriptures are full of glaze of wisdom, and deserve our learning from them.