中日兩國語言名詞「蟲」之多義構造

Analytic Comparisons between 'Bug' as a Noun in Japanese and Chinese-Polysemy of 'mushi' in Japanese and 'chong' in Chinese

本論文是以認知語義學的觀點，來分析中日兩國語言名詞「～蟲」的多義構造。研究方法如下：（1）首先從兩國語言的辭典與語料庫中收集語料。然後（2）對名詞「～蟲」的所有衍生用法進行分類檢討，以瞭解實際共時狀態下之使用分佈及語義範疇。接著（3）對名詞「～蟲」的基本用法進行比較，也參考語源辭典之解釋，歸納基本義的語義特徵。之後（4）分析基本義與衍生義之間語義關係是否具有「類似性」、「鄰接性」、「包攝性」等特性，並且以「隱喻、換喻、提喻」等譬喻的概念，來解釋基本義與衍生義之間的語義延伸關係。最後（5）用多義語義網絡圖來整理名詞「～蟲」的多義構造，針對中日兩國語言名詞「～蟲」的基本義和衍生性之間的語義關係進行對比分析與解釋，以提供日語教學與學習的參考。

This paper tried to analyze the polysemy structure of ”bug” as a noun, which is interpreted as ”mushi” in Japanese and ”chong” in Chinese from perspective of cognitive semantics. Research methods this paper adopted were as the followings: (1) Collecting texts from dictionaries and text corpora of Japanese and Chinese. (2) Sorting out derivations of ”bug” as a noun in order to understand its usage coverage and semantic range in synchronic reality. (3) Comparing fundamental usages of ”bug” as a noun, as well as generalizing its fundamental semantic features referring to explanations from etymology dictionary. (4) Analyzing fundamental meaning and derivative meaning not only to testify features i.e. similarity, proximity, or hyponymy, but also define the semantic extensions in-between, regarding concepts of cognitive metaphor, such as metaphor, metonymy, and synecdoche. (5) Summarizing polysemy structure of ”bug” as a noun based on semantic network so that clarifications are made between its fundamental meaning and derivation semantic interaction which can be used as future references for teaching and learning Japanese.