具通勤運具之地租型態

Land Rent Pattern with Commuting Mode

本研究顯示Alonso（1964）與Muth（1969）的住宅土地使用型態可經由選擇通勤運具的分析獲得，而不需對土地使用直接分類。不同於文獻上的相關研究對住戶設定不同的工資率或所得水準，本研究提出即使住戶均有相同的所得水準，仍然可以得到不同地租的分析解。比較各種通勤運具，研究顯示使用高固定成本與低邊際成本的運具（汽車）通勤時，對長程的通勤較為有利。相對而言，使用低固定成本與高邊際成本的運具（大眾運輸）通勤時，對短程的通勤較為有利。此外，本模型應用至台北都會區，並探討兩種有關通勤成本的政策，一為對私人運具的燃料稅，另一為大眾運輸的票價，其中分析過程亦考慮交通擁擠、事故與排放廢氣等外部性的影響。

This study shows that the residential land use pattern of Alonso (1964) and Muth (1969) can be obtained by choosing a commuting mode instead of the typical classification of land use directly. Differing from the related studies in the literature setting different wage rates or income levels for households, our study shows that every household with the same income still generates the varying bid rent function analytically. Comparing the commuting modes of mass transit, motorcycles, and cars, it is shown that commuting by car with a high fixed cost and a low marginal cost will be advantageous with a longer commuting distance. In contrast, commuting by mass transit with a low fixed cost and a high marginal cost will be advantageous to those traveling a shorter commuting distance. This model is then applied to the case of the Taipei metropolitan area. Two policies on the costs of commuting modes, including fuel taxes on motorcycles and cars and fares on mass transit are analyzed. The externalities of traffic congestion, accidents, and emission are introduced in the analysis.