中國城鄉二元社會結構成因：蘇聯模式的影響

The Causes and Evolution of China's Dual Social Stucture: The Influence of the Soviet Model on China

農民問題長期以來一直是中國最基本的社會問題。儘管具有農民身份的人仍占中國人口的大多數，但在社會生活各個方面卻受到不平等的待遇。中國的城鄉二元社會結構既是農民長期以來受到歧視的制度性社會基礎，也是近些年來城鄉差別日益擴大的基本原因，同時還是中國現代化進程中所面臨著的一個巨大障礙。本文重點研究是城鄉二元社會結構在中國形成的起因及其過程，並探討蘇聯模式對中國的影響。通過此項研究，不僅希望能澄清當代社會農民受到歧視的歷史緣由，而且試圖對當代中國社會的深層次改革問題進行思索。

Farmers continue to constitute one of the most fundamental social issues in China. In fact, China's unique dual social structure provides the institutional foundation for the longstanding discrimination against farmers, and the key reason behind the widening gap between the urban and rural areas, and the rich and poor. It is also an immense obstac1e in China's modernisation process. This paper focuses on the causes and evolution of China's dual social structure, and discusses the profound influence of the Soviet model on China. By doing so, the author aims to expound the historical causes behind the discrimination against farmers in a contemporary society, and explore the fundamental reform of contemporary Chinese society.