《合同法》第49條（表見代理規則）評注

Commentary to Article 49 of Contract Law

《合同法》第49條是表見代理制度的完全法條。我國實證法中，他人實施的法律行為雖無相應授權亦可歸屬于名義之人的規範並非僅第49條，在法律適用上，此類規範和第49條的關係應解釋為：職務行為的規範為僅具參引意義的不完全規範；表見代表和表見代理制度在構造上並無二致，可被後者取代。在構成要件上，從“相對人有理由相信”中可導出可歸責性要件。在法律效果上，第49條乃效果歸屬規範，並非法律行為效力判斷規範，此外，相對人並無第48條第1款之撤回權。

Article 49 of the Contract Law is the full norm of the agency by estoppel. In Chinese empirical law system, other than the article 49, there are many articles about the legal effect of someone's conduct attributable to the name of the person who has not authorized the corresponding authority to the one. In the application of the law, the relationship between such norms and article 49 can he interpreted as the following: the norms of job conduct are just the non-full norm only with reference function; the representative norm is not different from the agency by estoppel in the structure, so the former can be replaced by the latter. In the constituent elements, attributable elements can be derived from the the fact 'relative person has reason to believe'. In the legal effect, Article 49 is not the determinative norms of effectiveness of legal action, but the attributable one. In addition, the relative person has no right of withdrawal under Article 48 (1).