論確認之訴的程序價值

Research on the Procedural Value of Declaratory Action

確認之訴成為基本的訴訟類型之一，其根基在於確認利益。按照確認利益的要求，確認之訴相對於給付之訴具有輔助性，而給付之訴則處於優先地位。由此引發了確認之訴與給付之訴之間的緊張關係。借助訴訟標的理論只能在有限的範圍內解決這種緊張關係，要使這個問題獲得全面的解決，更需要精細的程序制度設計。對此，理論界和實務界給出了多種解決方案，從中止訴訟、合併審理到終止確認之訴等。這些解決方案之間的綜合協調，需要審慎對待，因為無論選取何種方案，反過來又要以此為起點重新審視既有的訴訟標的理論和合併審理等制度。

Declaratory action becomes completely a fundamental type of litigations because of the interest in declaratory relief, in other words, the necessity of the declaratory relief. In return, however, interest in declaratory relief becomes to be the weakness of the declaratory action, and makes it subsidiary to the action for performance. The latter is superior to the former. All of this results in the tension between the both types of action and therefore the independency of the declaratory action is undermined by the action for performance. This problem can only partially be resolved through the res judicata. There are several resolution plans, such as suspension of the secondly filed suit, joint trial of both actions, termination of the first action etc.