論法律行為對處分的限制──歷史闡釋與適用範圍的教義學反思

On the Limit of Disposition through legal Action: the Perspective of History and the Restructure of the Application Scope

處分自由是民法中的重要原則，但是，當事人可能會以法律行為的方式限制權利人的處分。根據受限權利的類型，可將法律行為對處分限制分為讓與禁止與禁止特約。此種區分的歷史依據是債物二分，但債物二分本身並不絕對，債權的財產權屬性日益受到重視，禁止特約的物權效力是對債權流通的破壞，理應受到限制。讓與禁止的適用範圍並不限於物權，禁止特約的適用範圍僅限於債權。如當事人限制債權處分的約定造成了處分行為的不安定，同樣應當適用讓與禁止。對此，根據其規範目的，對當事人的約定予以類型化以賦予不同的效力。

Freedom of disposition is an important principle in the civil law, hut the parties may limit the disposition of the right through legal act. According to the type of restricted rights, it can be divided into the sales prohibition and the restriction of the contractual term. This distinction is based on the division of the obligation and the real right. But the distinction itself is not absolute, the prohibition of special real right is the destruction of the flow of debt, and should be limited. The application of the sales prohibition and the restriction of the contractual term is not limited to the relationship between general law and special law. The application scope of the prohibition is not limited to the real right, and the application scope of the prohibition is limited to the creditor's rights. H the parties to limit the agreement if the penalty disposition caused the behavior of the instability, then the same should he applied to the sales prohibition. In this regard, in accordance with its regulatory purposes, the parties to the contract to be given to different types of effectiveness.